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Radiation Effect on Material (Effects on material and devices (a) Material…
Radiation Effect on Material
Effects on material and devices
a) Material becomes radioactive - Neutron activation - Presence of high energy gamma radiation
b) Nuclear transmutation of the element
c) Radiation within the material - Weaken, swell, polymerize, promote corrosion
d) Formation of radioactive compound
e) ionization
Radiation Induced Segregation
a) Cause segregation of alloy element to/away from defect sinks such as dislocation, voids and grain boundaries
b) Occur on material at a condition of high displacement per atom (dpa)
c) Occasionally cause solute enrichment which exceed the solubility limit of alloy element at the defect sinks and precipitation of the second phase occurs
Radiation Damage
Application of Ionization
a) Geiger counter
b) Thermal spike
c) Impurity atom
d) Vacancies or Knocks-ons
Ionization
a) Process by which an atom/molecule acquires a – ve/+ve charge by gaining/losing e- to form ions
b) Occur when radiation carries enough energy to remove an efrom an atom/molecule
c) Result from loss of an e- after collision with subatomicparticles/atoms/molecules/ion
d) Occur through radioactive decay by internal conversion process