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Experements (Reliability (Standardised procedures/instructions, scientific…
Experements
Reliability
Standardised procedures/instructions
scientific measures - lab experement
Control over variables - less in field
Inter-rater reliability - results
Lab Experement
Strengths
Control of extraneous variables
Relationships can be determined
Can be replicated
In repeated measures - counterbalancing used to reduce order effecets
Weaknesses
Artificial situation - unrepresentative behaviour
Demand characteristics
Experiment in artificial environment - manipulated IV while extraneous variables controlled
Field Experement
Strengths
Natural environment - representative behaviour
Participants unaware they are taking part - no demand characteristics
Weaknesses
Hard control over extraneous variables - less reliable
Hard to tell if DV caused by IV
Particiapants unaware - ethical issues
Experiment in natural setting for participants used
Quazi-Experement
Strengths
Used to study real world issues
If in normal situation - representative behaviour
If participants unaware - less demand characteristics
Enable research into variables that could not be practically or ethically manipulated
Weaknesses
Only possible in naturally occurring differences
Control over extraneous variables is often difficult
No manipulation of IV causing DV - cannot determine casual relationship
Hard to replicate
When an experimenter uses existing differences to create the IV e.g. Autism/Tourette's/normal
Independent Measures
Different participants for each condition of the test
Strengths
No order effects
Reduced demand characteristics
Effects of individual differences can be reduced by random allocation to levels of IV
Weaknesses
Individual differences can distort results if participants differ between levels of IV
More participants needed
Repeated Measures
Same participants do all conditions of the test
Strengths
Individual differences are unlikely to distort IV as participants do both levels of IV|
Counterbalancing reduces order effects
Uses fewer participants
Blind procedures can reduce demand characteristics
Weaknesses
Order effects - such as practice and fatigue + extraneous variables - distort results
Participants see task more than once - demand characteristics
Matched Participants
Strengths
Reduced demand characteristics
Controls for individual differences
No order effects
Weaknesses
Similarity between pairs limited if variables are unknown
Matching pairs is time consuming and difficult
Different participants are used but they are matched on key features
Variables
IV
is manipulated by experementer
DV
is the measurement of change in the IV
Validity