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Gastrointestinal Function (Functional Anatomy (Function (propulsive and…
Gastrointestinal Function
Functional Anatomy
Function
propulsive and mixing movements
secretion of digestive juices
absorption of nutrients
digestion of nutrients
Esophagus
Stomach
Motor Functions of the Stomach ：
Gastric filling and storage
Emptying
Regulation of gastric emptying
Vomiting
small intestine
Motility of the Small Intestine ：
Propulsion
Mixing
Large Intestine
Motility of the Colon：
Colonic movements
Defecation
Regulation of colonic motility
Ileocecal Sphincter
Gastrointestinal Motility
.Parasympathetic Innervation
.Sympathetic Innervation
.Afferent Nerve Fibers
.Electrical Activity of Gastrointestinal Smooth
Muscle
Contraction of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle
Propulsive Movements
Mixing Movements
Movement of Nutrients
Chewing
Swallowing
Neural control of swallowing
Secretory Function
Secretion of Gastrointestinal Juices
Gastrointestinal Hormones
Gastrin(Stomach)
Secretin(small intestine)
Cholecystokinin(small intestine)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
(gastric inhibitory peptide)(small intestine)
Digestion and Absorption
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Inflammation of the Stomach and Intestines
Gastritis
Gastroenteritis
Peptic Ulcer Disease
injury to the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
due to a stressful lifestyle and an irritating diet
organism H. pylori is a major precipitant of PUD, along with NSAIDs
arise in the stomach and duodenum
pyloric antrum cells to release gastrin
Treatment：
Proton pump inhibitors
cessation of smoking
avoidance of aspirin and NSAIDs
reduction of stress
靜脈營養
腸道無法使用的時間超過5-7天以上
周邊靜脈營養(PPN)
組成
水分
醣類
蛋白質
脂肪
維生素
電解質及微量元素
全靜脈營養(TPN)
Malabsorption Disorders After Surgical Intervention
Dumping Syndrome
攝食過多的食糜量會使小腸壁擴張，透過賀爾蒙與神經調節物質產生噁心、嘔吐、腸絞痛及皮膚血管擴張的血管反應。
高張性的食糜排空太快，
強迫水分排進腸道，造成低血容反應。
食糜裡高濃度碳水化合物，也會造成身體不適，因為血糖快速上升，隨著胰島素釋放會產反應性低血糖。
Short-Bowel Syndrome
severe diarrhea and significant malabsorption that develop after the surgical removal of large portions of the small intestine.