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The study of music and use/function (1980s - 1990s (Response to…
The study of music and use/function
Broad information
Study of music integrating it into its socio-cultural context
What is music? How does it work in society?
What music does, how it does it
Use and function
Allan Merriam
Use - as expressed in 'folk evaluation'
Function - analytical evaluation stemming from the folk evaluation
Merriam's functions of music
Symbolic representation
Stability and continuity of culture
Integration of society
Communication
Early work on music and identity
Mantle Hood (1950s)
Nationalism
Identity of a people in arts
Blues People
, Leroi Jones (1963)
Urban Blues
, Charles Keil (1967)
1970
Focus on different types of group identity
Social identity (class)
John Blacking
Ethnic identity
Regula Qureshi
Mainly essentialist in stance
Response to shifts in academic thinking about culture
1980
Place, repertoire and identity
Repertoire : How it defines musicians/groups
Place : How music indexes place (e.g. migratory groups)
1980s - 1990s
Identity & Politics
Martin Strokes
Tim Rice
'Routes are more important than roots'
Influence of other disciplines
Identity Politics became common
Response to recognition of
Fragmentation
Globalisation
Deterritorialisation
Agency
Fluidity
Identity and music : two main approaches
Essentialist
(reflexion)
Individuals, groups, places have essential characteristics
Social identity reflected by music
Identity is expressed through cultural forms and practices
Homology
Music reflects existing sociocultural identity
A 'fit' between sociocultural group/class and music/sounds
Constructivist
(construction)
Identities are not fixed, process, actively made
We don't know who we are, we create ourselves through musicking
No fixed connection between an identity and a form of music
Music helps to construct our identity
We can (re)discover or heighten or create an identity through musical experience
Flaws in constructivist idea
Contains essentialist core
For music to help construct an identity, that music has to be recognised as of that identity
Otherwise, any music could help construct any identity