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Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System (Skeletal Muscle…
Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Bone
Structure
Water
Inorganic mineral content
Phosphate
Calcium
Organic matrix
Ostroclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Function
Rigid levers to allow functional movement
Attachments for muscles and ligaments
Store mineral and marrow
Protect internal organs
Disease
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Balance is disrupted
Mineral and protein are decreased
Number of trabecular is decreased
Width and mass of bone are reduced
Fracture
Factor
Hormones
RANKL
PTH
1,25(OH)2D
Estrogen
Aging
Stress
Skeletal Muscle
Function
Role of calcium
Sliding filament theory
ATP production
Aerobic system
Anaerobic glycolysis
ATP-phosphocreatine system
Electromechanical coupling
a-motor neuron
Neuron's cell body
Axon extends
Disease:Sarcopemia
Primary Sarcopenia
Secondary Sarcopenia
Sarcopenic obesity
Frailty
Malnutrition-associated sarcopenia
Structure
Fasciuli
Endomysium
Myofibril
Perimysium
Epimysium
Type of fibers
Slow twitch fibers
Fast twitch fibers
Type of muscle contraction
Concentric
Ecccentric
Isometric
Altered endocrine function
Estrogens
IGF1
Insulin
Testosterone
Assessment
Physical performance
Gait speed
SPPB
TUG
400m walk
Muscle quantity
DXA
BIA
CT
MRI
Muscle strength
Grip strength
Chair stand test
Definition
Low muscle strength
Low muscle quantity or quality
Low physical performance
Treatment
Exercise
Resistance training
Neuromuscular
Hormones
Strength training
Nutrition