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types of joints (structural classification (synovial joints (movements…
types of joints
structural classification
fibrous joints
contains lots of fibrous connective tissue
no joint cavity
for connecting bones that dont require
a lot of movement
syndesmosis
type of joints in which bony surfaces are bound
together by dense connective tissue which formes
either a ligament or membrane
fibers are short-prevents movement
eg. interosseous membrane of forearm & leg
sutures
found only in skull
contain many interlocking fibers of
connective tissue that are connected
to the periostium of each bone
allowing them to tightly interlock.
immovable
will eventually ossify
(syntosis
squamous
the surface of 1 bone overlies the other
eg.temporoparietal
plane
surface of adjoining bones are flat
eg.intermaxillary
limbous
similar to squamous
but the overlying surfaces are ridged
eg. coronal suture
( betw frontal & parietal
schindylesis
wedge like process of 1 bone fits into
a groove on the other bone
eg.joint betw rostrum of sphenoid
& ala of voma bone
dentate
surface have tooth like process
eg. lamboid suture
(betw parietal & occipital bone
serrate
surface of bone has saw like process
eg. sagittal suture
(betw 2 parietal bones
gomphosis
peg & socket type of joint
found only in mouth
teeth fixed in their alveolar sockets in the
mandible & maxilla
pariodental ligament
cartilaginous joint
bones are connected by cartilage
(hyaline or fibrocartilage
dont have a joint cavity
not particularly movable
primary cartilaginous joints/
synchondrosis
bone-hyl cartilage-bone
contain hyaline cartilage
are temporary unions that are replaced
by bone with age
no movement possible
eg. joint betw epiphysis & diaphysis
1st condrosternal joint
costochondral joints
secondary cartilaginous joints/
symphysis
bone-hyl carti-fibrocartilage-hyl carti-bone
articular surfaces covered by a thin layer of
hyaline cartilage
which in turn are united by a plate of fibrocartilage
permanant in nature
slight movement possible
eg.pubic symphysis
manubriosternal joint
intervertebral joints
synovial joints
most movable
most common type
articulating surfaces lined by
hyaline cartilage
seperated by joint cavity
joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
which provides lubrication & nutrition
to the hyaline cartilage
enclosed by fibrous membrane-capsule
which is lined internally by synovial membrane
(except articular surface
the fibrous capsule is often reinforced by
1.capsular ligaments
2.& accessory ligaments
condylar/bicondylar
2 convex surfaces (condyles
articulate with 2 concave surfaces
allows flexion,extension & slight rotation(uniaxial
eg.knee
temporomandibular joint
ellipsoid
an elliptical/oval convex articular surface
fits into a concave articular surface
allows flexion,extension,abduction,adduction(biaxial
eg.wrist joint
metacarpophalangeal joints
pivot joint
1 has a bony pillar & the other
forms a ring around it
allows rotation only(uniaxial
eg.atlanto-axial
sup & inf radioulnar joint
saddle
articulating surfaces are shaped like a saddle
ie.reciprocally convex & concave
allows flexion,extension,abduction,adduction
& slight rotation(multiaxial
eg. sternoclavicular
1st carpometacarpal
calcaneo-cuboid joint
hinge
resembles hinge on a door
& provide flexion & extension(uniaxial
eg.elbow joint
ankle joint
interphalangeal joints
ball & socket
ball shaped head of 1 bone fits into a socket
of another bone
allows all movements (multiaxial
eg. shoulder joint
hip joint
talocalcaneo-navicular joint
plane/gliding
articulating surfaces are almost flat
& provide gliding movement
eg.acromioclavicular
intercarpal
intertarsal
movements possible at synovial joints
rotatory
rotation
turning upon an axis
circumduction
moving the extremity of the part
round in a circle so that thr whole part
inscribes a cone
anguar
flexion
decreasing the angle betw 2 bones
extension
incr the angle betw 2 bones
abduction
moving the part away from the mid line
adduction
bringing the part towards the midline
gliding
1 part sliding over the other
functional classification
diarthrosis
(freely movable
like synovial joints
amphiarthrosis
(slightly movable
like cartilaginous joints
synarthrosis
(immovable
like fibrous joints
according to the no of
articulating bones
compound joint
more than 2 bones articulating
within 1 capsule
eg.elbow joint
complex joint
when joint cavity is divided by an
intra-articular disc,
eg.sternoclavicular joint
temporomendibular joint
simple joint
when 2 bones articulate
eg.interphalangeal joints