Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
LOGICAL REASONING (Types of Logical Reasoning (Abductive reasoning (Given…
LOGICAL REASONING
Types of Logical Reasoning
Deductive reasoning
The truth of a conclusion can be determined for that rule, based solely on the truth of the premise.
For example, "smokers are liable to die young”. Gordon is a smoker. He is therefore liable to die young.
This type of logic is used in mathematical and philosophy.
Deductive reasoning allows us to draw conclusions that must hold given a set of facts (premises).
Inductive reasoning
A rule after a number of successful trials is taken to be a conclusion that follows from a precondition in terms of such a rule.
For example, “several smokers have died young”, therefore smokers are liable to die young.
Abductive reasoning
Given a true conclusion and a rule, a valid premise is abducted to support the conclusion, though not uniquely.
For example, people who start to smoke early tend to die young.
A young man died. Therefore, he may have been a smoker.
This kind of reasoning is used to develop hypotheses, which in turn can be tested by further reasoning or data analyses.
Diagnostic and detective investigations adopt this type of reasoning.
Deductive logic
builds a conclusion from accepted premises or general principles.
Inductive logic
builds a conclusion from particular observations or examples.
Analogical logic
borrows the logic from one situation and applies it to another.
What is Logical Reasoning?
Logical reasoning supports the attachment of meaning to analyzed information.
Information is often incomplete and differences in contexts can affect meaning. For example:
A gathering by the road side can be due to a number of reasons.
A smile can represent some happy gesture or pretense.