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Cosmological Argument (Criticisms to Aquinas (BBT (all matter concentrated…

- - - - the cause of the universe's existence must itself be beyond space and time
    - - infinity is an illogical concept - a book removed from the shelf of an infinite library, their shelves would still be full
      - the subset (red or black) cannot be equivalent to the entire set. Hence infinity cannot exist in actuality
    - - Miller
        
        "if the universe has always existed, then it has taken forever to get to this point" - if the universe was infinite, that would mean that an infinite number of years has already gone by - self contradictory because there must be a starting point
    - - there are two types of infinities recognised in maths - actual and potential
      - confusing because even in its simplest form, it is appealing - has had a massive influence on the rational theistic defence against atheistic arguments
      - it denies the possibility of infinity existing while attempting to show the existence of an infinite God
- - - - There must be an uncaused cause, which causes everything to happen without itself being caused by something else
      - "there is no case known in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself; for it would be prior to itself, which is impossible"
      - You cannot be your own parent
      - "it is necessary to admit to a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God"
  - - - volcanic rock is dependent on minerals and heat
      - plants rely on outside factors like light from the sun
- - - - Even if the universe had already been in existence, it would still need a sufficient reason for its existence
- - - - Russell agrees - "the universe is just there, it is a 'brute fact' and needs no particular explanation"
    - - Russel agrees - "we cannot say that because every person in the universe has a mother that the human race has a mother"