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Biology (Living organisms (Made up of: (10% hydrogen, 3% nitrogen, 18%…

- - - - CHO
    - - CHON(S)
    - - CHO
  - - - Benedict's Solution
    - - Iodine solution
    - - Biuret reagent
    - - Ethanol
  - - - Too Acidic/Alkaline: distorted active site
  - - - Water movement through partially permeable membrane to a less water concentrated region
    - - Against the concentration gradient, requires energy
    - - Movement from region of high concentration to lower concentration
    - - Surface area in relation to volume
      - Distance
      - Temperature
      - Difference in concentration
- - - - Intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm contracts
        
        Pressure decrease causes air to go in
    - - Intercostal muscles relax, diaphragm relaxes
        
        Pressure increase forces air out
- - - - Waste material might reach toxic concentration
      - Osmotic effects of increased concentration of body fluids
      - Loss of space in storing waste products
    - - Kidneys
      - Skin
      - Lungs
  - - - Auxin
        
        Produced in the tip and transported to area of cell expansion
        
        Tip perceives direction of light
    - - Gravity
        
        Negative geotropism
        
        Shoots grow upwards away from centre of Earth
        
        Positive geotropism
        
        Roots grow down towards centre of Earth
      - Light
        
        Positive phototropism
        
        Shoot grows towards a light source
        
        Negative phototropism
        
        Roots grow away from light source
- - - - Large surface area
      - Waterproof waxy cuticle
        
        Prevents direct evaporation
      - Mesophyll cells
      - Leaf veins
      - Lower epidermis
  - - - Hydration: Needed to carry out bodily functions and fluids
    - - For growth and repair
    - - Provide long term energy stores
    - - Releases proteases, lipases and amylase enzymes into the small intestine, along with alkali to neutralise acids from the stomach.
    - - Produces bile and stores absorbed glucose as glycogen.
    - - Stores bile and releases it into small intestine to emulsify lipids and neutralise stomach acid.
    - - Muscular wall of intestine squeezing inwards, narrowing the lumen to push the bolus forward
    - - The process of turning large complex molecules into smaller, simple molecules.
    - - Absorbed food converted to molecules that make up the cells of our body
    - - The undigested bacteria are passed out through the anus.
  - - - Opposite of photosynthesis
    - - Produces lactic acid + ATP