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Pernicious Anemia (Common Findings (Swollen, red tongue or bleeding gums,…
Pernicious Anemia
Common Findings
Swollen, red tongue or bleeding gums
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Shortness of breath, more during exercise
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Fatigue, light headedness upon standing or exertion, lack of energy
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Risks Factors
Environmental conditions" Smoking, excessive alcohol or hot tea ingestion.
Autoimmune disorder involving endocrine glands: Addison's disease, Type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, or vitiligo
Stomach or small intestine surgery. Stomach makes IF which helps in B 12 absorption. Small intestine is where B 12 is absorbed.
Intestinal disease that may prevent B12 absorption: Crohn's disease, HIV, and intestinal infection
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Medications that prevent proper B 12 absorption: antibiotics, and seizure medication.
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Treatment
Vitamin B 12 injections: Weekly initially, then may decrease to monthly once levels are sufficient
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Diagnostic
Bloos tests:Complete blood count, reticulocyte count, methymalonic acid and homocysteine level, Vitamin B 12 level
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Causative Factors
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Lack of intrinsic factor can occur is part of stomach is surgically removed. Reduces parietal cells available to make intrinsic factor.
Congenital pernicious anemia is passed down, This is an autosomal recessive disorder
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