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Literature and Philosophy (Systematizing ethics and morality (Kant (As…

- - - - The purpose of placing de Beauvoir here again rests on the author's central focus on the importance of the body of the "other."
        Alterity is of course fundamental to the philosophy of de Beauvoir, who influenced Sartre toward the realization that he may not have had the full picture without confronting such questions of identity i.e. that it was not only wrong but philosophically destructive to ignore the inequalities between lived experience of a member of the dominant group and members of oppressed groups.
    - - Du Bois is placed here because he illustrates so directly the centrality of one's "other" body (alterity) in any consideration of consciousness.
        Meditations and arguments like Du Bois's make the traditional Western thinkers' arguments seem inherently flawed because they are missing such central social/ intersubjective realities.
        In other words, while they're undoubtedly useful because of their legacy and historical weight, those early modern thinkers (e.g.) are completely missing questions about what identity means in reality, not just in abstract theory.
    - - Overlapping significantly with de Beauvoir, Butler dealt with the woman as the dependent and relative "other" (in relation to the man).
        She made a distinction between relative and absolute others.
        Like many others who can be categorized under this branch, she navigated the relation between the nature of consciousness (on the level of the mind/psyche) and lived experience (on the level of the body).
        She worked on the level of/ with the language of historical conditions, thinking about performativity as a primary concern.
    - - Mills dealt with a social ontology or social metaphysics.
        Our reading dealt with some of the same questions as the gender theorists, but on the level of (and in the context of) race.
        He examined social constructs as opposed to natural "facts"/ developments.
        Race can simultaneously be real and unreal, in that is isn't true but does have a reality in the social world.
        The reason for Mills's inclusion here is because he dealt with alterity, the other, and the relationship between our existential being (on the level of the mind) and our existential identity (on the level of the body).
    - - Peele extends Du Bois's "double consciousness" into the present day.
        He deliberately takes it to the absurd level of a physical separation between brain and body.
        He's able to frame questions about identity based on the body versus mind, as well as questions about structural racial injustice and how we come to form our conceptions of identity altogether.