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Innate Immunity: Lecture 4 (Toll-like receptors (integral membrane…
Innate Immunity: Lecture 4
Nonphagocytic Killing
body also kills by eosinophils
secrete antimicrobial chemicals against large antigestibal pathogens
kill helminths by adhering to surface and secrete toxins to kill helminth
eosinophils. mitochondria DNA, proteins form a physical barrier/ structure that kills bacteria
Natural Killer Cells
a type of defensive leukocytes
secrete toxins on viral infection cells surface
they can differentiate normal body cells because have membrane proteins similar to NK cells
name comes from the fact NK cells are programmed to kill certain ones
Neutrophils
can destroy pathogens by phagocytosis
enzymes in membrane add electrons to oxygen by creating superoxide
Makes another enzyme to create Hypochlorite, in bleach, to kill
makes Nitric Acid to cause inflammation
Generate extracellular fibers called neutrophil extracellular traps (NET's) that bind to kill bacteria
Non-Specific
Chemical assist phagocytic cells
enhance other features of immunity; direct attack
distinguish normal chemical shape "self" and not normal "non-self"
look at structure on them that humans don't have
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are on the surface of and inside human cells that recognize PAMPS
Toll-like receptors
integral membrane proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane
TRL's 1,2, 4-6 located in the cytoplasmic membrane
TRL's 3, 7-9 are located in the phagosome membrane
Binds PAMP's
initiates defensive responses
secretes inflammation mediators or interferons
stimulate adaptive immunity
NOD proteins
receptor type
located in cells cytoplasm not the membrane
cytosolic proteins bind PAMP's Gram-Neg cell walls
trigger inflammation, cell suicide, and others
mechanism of protein is being researched to be associated with Chron's