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Innate Immunity: Lecture 2 (Blood (Plasma (mostly made of water, and…
Innate Immunity: Lecture 2
Blood
has no barriers
made of cells and microbial chemicals
made of processes
Plasma
mostly made of water
and contains electrolytes, dissolved gases, nutrician, and proteins
Serum
the remaining fluid when clotting factors are removed
Complement Proteins
found in plasma
plasma proteins
antibodies or immunoglobulins
apart of adaptive immunity
Leukocytes
granulocytes or agranulocytes
defend against invaders in blood
Erythrocytes
red blood cells and carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
platelets
involved in clotting
Erythroid stem cells
from erythrocytes
Myeloid stem cells
produce platelets and 4 types of leukocytes
Lymphoid stem cells
produce the 5th kind of leukocytes
Granulocytes
contain large granules
Basophils
stain blue with basic dye; methylene blue
Eosinophils
stain red/orange with acidic dye and defend against parasitic worms
Neutrophils
stain lilac with a mix of acidic and basic dyes
Neutrophils and eosinophils phagocytize pathogens; can exit blood to attack invading microbes by squeezing between cells lining capillaries
Agranulocytes
cytoplasmic uniform under microscope
lymphocytes
involved in adaptive immunity; a natural killer type cell
Monocytes
leave blood and become a macrophage
Macrophage
a phagocytic cell that devours foreign objects
named for the location in the body
wandering macrophage
they leave blood and travel throughout the body
Fixed macrophage
stay in one area
Ex: alveolar or microglia
Count Chart
increase wbc's= allergies/ parasitic worms
increase in leukocytes/ neutrophils= bacterial infection
viral infection= increase in lymphocytes
increase in certain leukocytes over time= cancer
decrease in certain # of leukocytes= immunodeficiency
Phagocytosis
eating by a cell
used to rid the body of pathogens
Stage 1: Chemotaxis
Stage 2: Adhesion
Stage 3: Ingestion
Stage 4: Maturation
Stage 5: Killing
Stage 6: Elimination