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Central Dogma of Gene Expression (Transcription (Termination (In bacteria,…
Central Dogma of Gene Expression
translation
initiation
Initiation complex form ribosomal subunitat mRNA binding site
mRNA binds to small subunit at mRNA binding site
initiator rRNA molecule binds
Large subunit binds; completes the complex
elongation
As the ribosome moves down the mRNA strand, amino acids are added according to the genetic code
Ribosome
3 binding sites:
A site: bind to tRNA, holding the next amino acid on the chain
P site: bind to tRNA, bolding the amino acid chain
E site: discharge the tRNA
moves 5' to 3' direction
STEPs
As tRNAs carrying AA’s cycle through the EPA sites, amino acids are added to the polypeptide chain.
A tRNA carrying the next AA binds to A site of ribosome. The tRNA in the P site holds the current chain.
A peptide bond forms between the AA at A site and the last AA in the chain.
The polypeptide chain is transferred to the tRNA at the A site.
The polypeptide chain is transferred to the tRNA at the A site.
The polypeptide chain is transferred to the tRNA at the A site.
termination
Elongation finished
when one of the stop codons are encountered; signals release factor
complete peptide chain is released
mRNA degraded
ribosomes
free ribosome
cytoplasm; for use within the cell
bond ribosome
secrete & used in lysosome
bond to rough ER
polysome
Structures occur when multiple ribosomes attach to an mRNA strand
Transcription
Elongation
mRNA
RNA polymerase direction
5' to 3' direction
Template DNA strand
3' to 5' direction
adds a complementary RNA nucleotide at end of 3'
mRNA processing
addition of new nucleotides
RNA transcript
identical to the non-template
Termination
transcribes a sequence of terminator
In bacteria
Rho-dependent
Rho factor
climbing up the transcript towards RNA polymerase
Transcription stop point
pause the RNA polymerase
Help rho factor to catch up
Rho-independent
depends on sequence of template strands of DNA
RNA fold back it slef
complementary C and G nucleotides bind together
Eukaryotic cell
modify mRNA after termination
Splicing
Splicing of mRNA increases the number of different proteins an organism can produce
Initiation
DNA
Histone
Acetylation
Phosphorylation
Methylation
Promoter
Silencer
Chemical that stops the promotor
Determine if DNA --> mRNA
TATA box
RNA polymerase
basal (general) transcription factors
Nucleosome
help to regulate transcription in eukaryotes
line up with their opposite side of complementary sequence
Gene expression
regulated by proteins
binding to specific sequence in DNA
Ray, Jody, Audrey