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chapter 24 (d block elements (3D subshell has highest energy, scanadium to…
chapter 24
d block elements
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when forming ion, 4s empties before 3d orbitals
stereoisomers have same structural formula but different arrangement of the atoms in space, complex ions display two forms, cis-trans and optical isomerism.
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optical isomerism only occurs in octahedral complexes containing two or more bidentate ligands, non superimposable mirror images of eachother, trans isomers cannot form optical isomers.
cis platin is pt(NH3)2Cl2, used In treatment of cancer
transition elements are d block elements that form at lesast one ion with a partially filled dorbital, scanadium and zinc are not transition elements.
They form compounds in which transition elements have different oxidation states, they form coloured compounds, the elements and their compounds can act as catalysts
the number of ixidation states increases across the transition elemnts up to manganese, then it decresases. All form compunds with +2
shapes
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If the coordination number is 6, it's octahedral, if it's 4 it's tetrahedral or square planar
catalysts are sunstances that increase rate of reaction without being used up, by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
heterogenous catalysts, different states to reactants.
ligand is a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form coordinate bond
monodentate ligands are ligands that donate one pair of electrons. Bidenatate ligands can donate two pairs of electrons.
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