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Treaty of Union - Issue 1 - Worsening Relations between Scotland and…
Treaty of Union - Issue 1 - Worsening Relations between Scotland and England
Darien Scheme
Company of Scotland
This was formed to raise money and supplies for an expedition to form a colony in modern day Panama.
The English didn't like this as it was seen as competition to the English East India Company.
William's Reaction
William didn't want to upset Spain who owned most of the land there so refused to recognise the Darien scheme.
Influenced Dutch investors to withdraw and refuse to sell ships to the Company.
Ordered English colonists in Jamaica to refuse aid to the Scots.
English directors whose investment in the Company was 50% of the total withdrew after William's views became widely known.
Scotland's Reaction
Made them very angry at William and the English for not helping them as it meant that the scheme failed due to a lack of investment and that William didn't care about the Scottish people but only the English.
Claim of Right 1689
Scottish Parliament claimed that James had forfeited the throne
English Parliament claim that he abdicated.
This suggested that the Scottish Parliament had more authority over the Crown that the parliament did in England which annoyed them.
Articles of Grievance 1689
Gave the Scottish Parliament more power.
Took away some of the influence of the monarch in Scotland as it abolished committees that kings traditionally used to govern Scotland.
Mean that the Scottish Parliament could discuss things freely.
Annoyed the English as it meant Scotland had more power than they did.
Jacobite Rebellion 1689
Jacobites wanted the Catholic James to stay king and opposed William so rose up against him in 1689.
Won the Battle of Killiecrankie but their leader was killed and ultimately the rebellion failed after being defeated at the Haughs of Cromdale.
The Jacobites were a constant concern for William which annoyed the English as they wanted him to remain king.
Massacre of Glencoe 1692
On the 13th of February 1692, troops enforcing loyalty to William killed 38 members of the Clan of MacDonald which the Scottish Parliament declared an act of murder.
William's signature was on the official order showing that he have it his blessing.
Worsened relations as it increased support for the Jacobites and showed again that William didn't really care about the Scottish people.
International Trade
Navigation Acts
Acts passed by the English Parliament which stopped Scotland from trading with England's colonies.
Protected English trade but put Scots at an unfair economic disadvantage which annoyed them.
Scotland's Economic Hardship
Scotland suffered great economic hardship and a lot of blame was put on the English for disallowing trade with their colonies.
There was a great famine in 1690s which also badly affected the economy. Many Scots associated King William with this famine.
Religion Persecution
Church of Scotland was Presbyterian and the English Church was Episcopalian so they opposed each other in many ways.
James VII and Charles I persecuted many Presbyterians and tried to make the church more Catholic.
National Covenant was signed at Greyfriers Kirk in 1638 which demanded a free Scottish Parliament and a free General Assembly free from the King's interference. Specifically, it demanded the abolition of Bishops from the Presbyterian Church.
Gave Scotland a lot of power and less English influence which annoyed England.
War of Legislation
Act of Settlement 1701 (England): Created Hanoverian succession in England but not in Scotland. Annoyed Scots as it showed that England was just expecting them to agree.
Act of Security 1703 (Scotland): Asserted Scots independence in the succession. Annoyed the English as they wanted to have the same monarch as the Scots.
Wine Act 1703 (Scotland): Allowed import of wine from France and Spain during wartime. Annoyed the English as it seemed as if Scotland were helping the enemy.
Wool Act 1703 (Scotland): Allowed trade in wool between Scotland and other countries that England was at war with. Annoyed the English as it seemed as if Scotland were helping the enemy.
Act anent Peace and War 1703 (Scotland): Asserted authority to the Scottish Parliament to declare war on Scotland's enemies. Annoyed the English as it meant that the Scots weren't guaranteed to help them in their wars.
Alien Act 1705 (England): Threatened Scotland with economic sanctions including a ban on exports to England unless talks for a full incorporating union had begun by the 25 of December 1706. Annoyed Scotland as it forced them to discuss the idea of Union.
Worcester Affair/Captain Green Affair
Execution of English Captain Green at Leith in April 1705 on the accusation of piracy despite no evidence for it.
Crowd of 80,000 watched.
Showed many Scots hatred for England.
Outraged England that her people were being unjustly executed.