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Hardware and Software systems (Computer Networks (Elements (Each computer…
Hardware and Software systems
Computer language
Binary System
ASCII Code
Computer Functions
Input of data using peripheral devices.
Output of data using peripheral devices.
Storing data in the storage devices
Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), using the
microprocessor and the memory.
Computer Elements
Microprocessor
Integrated circuits or chips.
Clock Rate
continuously generates electrical impulses.
Depends on cache and RAM
Memory and units of storage
RAM
It mean Random Access Memory, When we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to the RAM so the microprocessor can use them.
Cache Memory
RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so is installed a much faster memory between the RAM and the microprocessor, the Cache memory
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system, this initial check is carried out u sing instructions stored in a special read-only memory, the ROM BIOS
Storage device
Magnetic disk
Hard disks are the most common magnetic storage units. They store bits by positioning
millions of tiny magnets in two possible positions, '0' and '1'
Optical disks
CD ROMs, DVDs and Blu ray Disks The disc drive emits a laser onto the disk to read the information
Solid-state memory (flash)
Memory cards or pen drives are examples of those, these devices store information using
transistors acting as switches. These
switches can be either opened or closed.
Motherboard and connecting devices
Inside the computer you'll find a Large board; we call it the motherboard. All the other components of the computer are all connected to it
Slots (PCI and PCI-Express)
IDE, ATA and SATA conectors
The chipset
Sound and Graphic Cards
Hard disk or DVD Drives
Software and operating system
Operating system
Manages the microprocessor, Manages the memory and storage systems, Provides an interface of working environment, Allow the communication between applications and peripheral
devices.
As can be Windows, Linux and more
Applications
Word Processors - Spreadsheets - Presentations - Database management tools - Drawing - Antivirus
Programing Ianguages
These programs can be used to create
other programs and applications. They can even be used to develop new operative systems.
Computer Networks
A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information.
local area networks or LANs
metropolitan area networks, made up of several LANs
wide area networks, covering a country or continent
Elements
Each computer needs an adaptor or network card
The hub distributes all the information received between the other computers
This information travels down a transmission medium, normally
a cable similar to a telephone wire with an RJ45 connector at the ends
Coaxial and fibre optic cables are also used
Wireless networks
known as WLANs, (Wireless LANs)
use electromagnetic waves to transmit data
need a wireless network card
Networks with a combination of wired and wireless devices use wireless acces point (WAP) that can be used to transmit data through wires or electromagnetic waves
Shared Internet Access
Computers in a network can share a single internet connection. Computer networks can connect to the internet through two ways
Using Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) where all communication is through one computer that must be switched on all the time.
Using a router, which detects data and directs it to and from the internet.
One disadvantage of network sharing is that the computer with all the shared elements must be turned on always so other users can access to those elements, to overcome this problem we can use network storage systems and print servers
