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Hormones and reproduction (Female reproductive system (Structures (Oviduct…
Hormones and reproduction
Secreted by Anterior pituitary
LH
Targets
Ovary
Ovulation: CL formation and maintenance
Testicle
Testosterone production
FSH
Targets
Ovary
Follicle Growth
Testicle
Sperm production
Thyrotropin
Targets
Thryoid
Stimulates thyroid
ACTH
Targets
Adrenal cortex
Stimulates adrenal cortex to grow and develop
Adrenal corticoid from adrenal gland
Targets mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid
Regulates Na K and regulates carb metabolism
Male Reproductive system
Structures
Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Storage of sperm cells, maturation space, nutrition
Vas deference
Carries sperm cells and substances from epididymis to ureter, some species have ampulla
Scrotum
Houses and protects testicles, keeps it 3-13 degrees lower than body temp
Cryptorchidism- one testicle did not descend to scrotum, reduced fertility
Accessory glands
Secrete nutrients, secrete buffers, cleanse and lubricate urethra
Prostate
Bulbo-urethral
Seminal vesicle
Testicle
Descend through inguinal canal to scrotum around birth
Seminiferous tubules- spermatogenesis
continuous after puberty
Interstitial, cells of leydig produce testosterone
Penis and Urethra
Sigmoid flexure- presentation of penis = retractible organ
Mammal
Structures
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Semen into cloaca
Testicles
Birds
Female reproductive system
Uterus
1 body 2 horns
Sperm nourishment, uterine milk, attachment and nourishment of fetus, parturition
Muscle contractions to oviduct
Sperm deposit here, horse
Cervix
Made of loose connective tissue, thin mucus membrane, mucus gets thick during pregnancy
Oviduct
Fertilization occurs here
Vagina
Organ of copulation
Ovaries
Located back of kidneys
Oogenesis and hormone production
Production of eggs
Estrogen
Produces most of female characteristics
Progesterone
From CL, maintains pregnancy
Relaxin
Loosens pelvic area during parturition
Vulva
Bird
Mammal
Structures
Ovary
Left ovary is the only one that works
Largest one gets sent down oviduct first
Oviduct
Magnum- secretes albumen
Isthums- Secretes inner and outer shell membranes
Infundibulum-, receives yolk, secretes chalaziferous layer and vitelline membrane
Shell Gland- secretes shell in about 12 hours
Vagina- secretes substances that act as cuticle
Cloaca and vent
Genesis
Spermatogenesis
Overall, 4 functional sperm are produced from 1 primordial germ cell
Oogenesis
One ovum is created from secondary oocyte
Has conservation of cytoplasm, important because cytoplasm has nutrients
Estrous cycle
Estrus
Ovulation- release in ovum, female is receptive to male, surge in LH
Metestrus
Corpus luteum forming, begins to produce progesterone
Progesterone tells GnRH to not release
Proestrus
Follicles develop on ovary, fsh produces estrogen estrogen is increasing
Diestrus
Progesterone increases and produces CL and maintains pregancy
if no pregnancy, prostaglandin comes up and regresses CL