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Innate Immunity: Lecture 1 (Background (pathogen can gain access by…
Innate Immunity: Lecture 1
Background
pathogen can gain access by penetrating surface of skin or by a portal of entry
can attach itself to host's cells
evade body's defenses long enough to make harmful changes
body is resistant to plant diseases
resistant because of absence of necessary receptors
resistant because we lack suitable or incompatible conditions for bacteria to thrive
1st line of defense
Skin
has 2 layers
Epidermis
has tightly packed cells that acts as a physical barrier
deepest layer pushes daughter cells to the surface and then sheds to remove pathogens
dendretic cells: phagocytize pathogens, devour them, non-specifically
Dermis
collagen fibers to give the skin strength and pliability
helps prevents injury
has blood vessels and give peptides
has sweat glands and salt
has antimicrobial peptides and lysosome
salt will pull out water to save cell
has chemicals
salt prevents pathogen growth
peptides fight against microorganisms
Dermaciden: act against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and fungi
has sebum from the sebaceous/oil glands
keeps skin pliable
lowers pH to 5; stops bacteria growth
Mucus Membrane
lines all the body cavities
epithelial layer
cells from superficial
has a thin outer layer
living, tight packed cells that shed
globlet and ciliated cells
help move invaders
mucus traps microbes and contains antimicrobial chemicals and shed constantly
Lacrimal cavity
group of structures that make and drain tears
located above and sides of eyes
tears will evaporate or drain into small canal which will then empty into the nose and go to the back of the throat
blinking your eyes spreads tears and wash the eye's surface
tears have lysosome; will destroy bacteria and together with mucus trap microbes to remove them
Microbiome
Microbial antagonism
microbiome will compete with invading pathogens
Microorganisms will consume nutrients so pathogens can't
create an unfavorable environment with the pH level
prevent pathogens from attaching to the host's cells
stimulate the 2nd line of defense in body
generate antimicrobial compounds to defend the area
Antimicrobial Peptides
in the skin, membranes, and neutrophils
act against variety of microbes
triggered by sugar
act as a chemomatic; attract more WBC's
secrete chemicals to defend with antimicrobial properties
Ex: stomach acid