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Market Revolution Inventions (The Watt Steam Engine (This innovation blew…
Market Revolution Inventions
The Watt Steam Engine
This innovation blew the older less efficient models, like the Newcomen engine, out of the water.
James' innovation of adding a separate condenser significantly improved steam engine efficiency, especially latent heat losses. His new engine would prove very popular and would wind up installed in mines and factories across the world.
In 1765, Watt was hit by inspiration. He realized was to cause the steam to condense in a separate cylinder apart from the piston.
The Dynamo powered by the Faraday principle
The basic principles of electromagnetic generators were discovered in the early 1830s by Michael Faraday.
That "electromagnetic induction" remains the principle behind electric generators, transformers and many other devices.
The first true dynamo, based on Faraday's principle, was built in 1832 by Hippolyte Pixii, a French instrument maker. His device used a permanent magnet that was rotated using a crank.
The first modern Battery by Volta
This world-first was the brainchild of one Alessandro Volta with the development of his voltaic pile.
Volta's initial invention literally sparked a great amount of scientific excitement around the world which would lead to the eventual development of the field of electrochemistry.
Mass production of the world's first battery began in 1802 by William Cruickshank.
Telegraph communications
Created in the early 1800's it would change communication forever.
Thanks to this technology, near-instant communication became possible initially across the country and eventually across the globe. This enabled people to stay in contact and become aware of wider geopolitical events much more easily.
The telegraph communication helped a lot, and it was invented because it was easier to communicate with your family, friends...
The modern roads by John McAdam
Many British roads were poorly maintained and poor quality. During the 1700s turnpike trusts were set up to charge tolls in an attempt to improve maintenance and the general quality of the country's transport system.
By 1750 almost every main road in England and Wales was the responsibility of a turnpike trust.
McAdam came up with the idea of raising roadbeds to ensure adequate drainage. He then designed these roadbeds using broken stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small stones to create a hard surface.
The first Electromagnet findings
The electromagnet was the culmination of a series of developments from Hans Christian Oersted, Andre-Marie Ampere, and Dominique Francois Jean Arago made their critical discoveries on electromagnetism.
The electromagnet developed from a series of observations. In 1820 Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) discovered that a current-carrying wire set up a magnetic field
His design was improved upon by Joseph Henry who built, in 1832, a very strong electromagnet that was able to lift 1630 kgs.
The Locomotive revolution
The invention of the steam engine would eventually lead to a revolution in transportation around the globe. Locomotives allowed large-scale movement of resources and people over long distances.
The first public railway opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in England, UK. This would be the first of many railways and locomotives that would revolutionize the way business and private citizens transport their goods and themselves around.
The invention of the steam engine created many changes and additions to the technology of the time, including steam powered locomotives.
The Hydrogen Fuel Cell
The Hydrogen Fuel Cell was first documented in 1838 in a letter published in the December edition of The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science.
The piece was written by a Welsh physicist and barrister William Grove. In it, he described his development of a crude fuel cell that combined sheet iron, copper and porcelain plates and a solution of sulfate of copper and dilute acid.
The invention, which later became known as a fuel cell, didn't produce enough electricity to be useful.
The Cotton Gin
Prior to its introduction into the textile industry, cotton seeds needed to be removed from fibers by hand. This was laborious and time-consuming, to say the least. This machine vastly improved the profitability of cotton for farmers.
patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.
The Cotton Gin enabled many more farmers to consider cotton as their main crop. This was especially important for farmers and plantation owners in the Americas.
The first factory opened by Lombe
One of, if not the first documented factory was opened by John Lombe in Derby around 1721. Lombe's factory used water power to help the factory mass produce silk products.
On his return to the UK, he employed the services of the architect George Sorocold to design and build his new "Factory". Once completed the mill, at its height, employed around 300 people.
Between 1717 and 1721 George built the mill, beside the River Derwent to the south of Cotchett's Mill to house machines for "doubling" or twisting silk into thread. ... Thomas Lombe was given a 14-year patent to protect the design of the throwing machines.
Camera Obscura: The first photograph
Joseph constructed his first camera in around 1816 which allowed him to create an image on white paper. But he was unable to fix it.
Joseph Niepce bought a camera obscura, but he couldn't use it because his hand wasn't sturdy enough to draw. ... Louis Daguerre actually didn't invent his camera on purpose, but he used it to help people develop pictures that took less time to make and were higher quality.
In 1827 he successfully produced the first, long-lasting image using a plate coated with bitumen. This was then washed in a solvent and placed over a box of iodine to produce a plate with light and dark qualities.
Spectrometer, or how we studied glowing objects
In 1814, a German inventor, Joseph von Fraunhofer invented the spectrometer. His early device was devised to enable the chemical analysis of glowing objects.
Thanks to Fraunhofer’s contributions, Bavaria overtook England as the leader in optics research. He invented the spectroscope in 1814
It was used to identify materials that emit light when heated.