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Rectification (Alternating Current) (Rectification is a process of…
Rectification (Alternating Current)
Half-Wave Rectification
A half wave rectifier is defined as a type of rectifier that only allows one half-cycle of an AC voltage waveform to pass, blocking the other half-cycle. Half-wave rectifiers are used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage, and only require a single diode to construct.
Only one diode is required to construct a half-wave rectifier
The half wave rectifier is made up of an AC source, transformer (step-down), diode, and resistor (load). The diode is placed between the transformer and resistor (load).
Advantages of half wave rectifier
Use very few components to construct the half wave rectifier. So the cost is very low.
Easy to construct
The diode only conducts when it is forward biased, therefore only half of the AC cycle passes through the diode to the output.
The diode is only forward biased for one-half of the AC cycle, it is also reverse biased for one-half cycle.
It is important that the reverse breakdown voltage rating of the diode be high enough to withstand the peak, reverse-biasing AC voltage.
Full-Wave Rectification
a full wave rectifier circuit produces an output voltage or current which is purely DC or has some specified DC component. Full wave rectifiers have some fundamental advantages over their half wave rectifier counterparts.
The average output voltage is higher than for half wave, the output of the full wave rectifier has lesser ripple than that of the half wave rectifier producing a relatively smoother output waveform.
The connection for a centre tapped full wave rectifier
four diodes connected in an H-bridge configuration. The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle.
During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load. During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the same direction as before.
Rectification is a process of converting alternating current to direct current by a rectifier.
Rectification can happen using Diode.
A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for current. It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing in the opposite direction.
Diodes are also known as rectifiers because they change alternating current (ac) into pulsating direct current (dc). Diodes are rated according to their type, voltage, and current capacity.
Diodes have polarity, determined by an anode (positive lead) and cathode (negative lead). Most diodes allow current to flow only when positive voltage is applied to the anode.
When a diode allows current flow, it is forward-biased. When a diode is reverse-biased, it acts as an insulator and does not permit current to flow.
When the current flows in the forward direction, rectifiers have a low resistance. However, in the reverse direction, the resistance is high.
