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Nervous System Period 2 Marina Hurtado (Spinal Nerves (Anatomy of Spinal…

- - - - Autonomic Nervous System: the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.
        
        Sympathetic Nervous System: is responsible for the response commonly referred to as "fight or flight,"
        
        Parasympathetic Nervous System: is responsible for the response commonly referred to as "fight or flight,"
      - The nervous system is comprised of two major subdivisions, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
        
        The PNS is divided into three separate divisions, the somatic, autonomic, and autonomic nervous systems.
        
        Sensory Division: of the PNS carries all types of sensory information to the CNS, including that from the "special senses" of touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight, as well pain, body position (proprioception), and a variety of visceral sensory information.
        
        Motor Division: conduct impulses from the CNS and PNS to the muscles, organs and glands' effecting what happens in those tissues
        
        The somatic division of the nervous system contains nerves which end in the skeletal muscles.
        
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- - - - Occipital Lobe: Interprets vision (color, light, movement)
        
        Temporal Lobe: Understanding language (Wernicke’s area), memory, hearing, sequencing & organization
- - - - Axon: billock signals are added up here
        
        Terminals: release neurotransmitter when stimulated by an electrical signal carried by the axon.
        
        Axonal terminal: are specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell.
        
        Four types of neuroglia found in the CNS are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.
- - - - cerebral aqueduct: canal that passes through the midbrain and connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle of the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) finds its natural pathway through the cerebral ventricles and the canal connecting these ventricles.
        
        Lateral ventricle: A communicating cavity in the brain that is part of a system of four communicating cavities that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
        
        falx cerebri: passes down to separate the left and right cerebral hemispheres from one and other. It typically follows the corpus callosum, linking the two cerebral hemisphere
        
        The tentorium cerebelli supports the occipital lobes above, and separates them from the cerebellum below.
        
        GABA : inhibits the firing of neurons
        
        glutamate : excitatory neurotransmitter that helps strengthen synaptic connections between neurons.
        
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- - - - Brainstem: acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.
- - - - Pia mater: hugs the surface of the brain following its folds and grooves. The pia mater has many blood vessels that reach deep into the brain. The space between the arachnoid and pia is called the subarachnoid space. It is here where the cerebrospinal fluid bathes and cushions the brain.
- - - - serotonin : used by cells in parts of the brain involved in the regulation of sleep, mood and eating.
        
        dopamine : parts of the brain involved in regulating movement and experiencing pleasure.
- - - - A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
      - l Olfactory Smell
        
        ll Optic Smell
        
        lll Oculomotor moves eye, pupil
        
        IV Trochlear moves eye
        
        V Trigeminal Face Sensation
        
        VI Abducens moves eye
        
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- - - - The lumbar vertebrae are bones that make up the spinal column or backbone, specifically within the lower back. There are five lumbar vertebrae in humans, referred to as L1 through L5.
        
        Sacral vertebrae: There are 5 sacral vertebral bones. They are represented by the symbols S1 through S5 and are situated between the lumbar vertebrae and the coccyx (the lowest segment of the vertebral column).
- - - - Cocaine, methamphetamine (meth), and prescription amphetamines, such as those used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) like Adderall are classified as stimulant drugs. This means that they speed up the central nervous system, increasing heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure while increasing energy levels, focus, attention, alertness, and wakefulness.
        
        Cocaine, methamphetamine (meth), and prescription amphetamines, such as those used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) like Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) and Ritalin (methylphenidate) are classified as stimulant drugs. This means that they speed up the central nervous system, increasing heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure while increasing energy levels, focus, attention, alertness, and wakefulness.
- - - - Mental disorders–also called psychiatric disorders–are illnesses or medical conditions that develop in or affect the brain. These medical conditions disrupt a person’s thinking, feeling, mood, daily functioning and ability to relate to others.
        
        A stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts open.
- - - - The Cerebral Cortex directs the brain's higher cognitive and emotional functions. It is divided into two almost symmetrical halves called the cerebral hemispheres.
- - - - The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs and glands
        
        somatic nervous system controls muscles and movement.
        
        neurotransmitter ace. is used in both
        
        they both receive input from sensory neurons