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Nervous System (Diseases associated with the brain ((Alzheimer's…

- - - - Brainstem: acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.
        
        The cerebrum is divided into two halves: the right and left hemispheres. They are joined by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum that transmits messages from one side to the other. Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.
        
        The right hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills. The left hemisphere is dominant in hand use and language in about 92% of people.
- - - - Temporal Lobe:Sound is processed and, not surprisingly, it is also a region where auditory language and speech comprehension systems are located.
        
        Occipital Lobe:The visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.
- - - - Arachnoid Mater: is the middle layer of the three cranial meninges. The arachnoid mater is deep to the dura mater but superficial to the pia mater.
        
        Pia Mater: the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.
- - - - Perivascular spaces are pial-lined interstitial fluid-filled spaces in the brain that surround perforating vessels.
- - - - Function of a Neuron: transmits communication signals, and glial cells, which act to support both the structure and function of neurons.
- - - - The olfactory nerves
      - The optic nerve
      - The oculomotor nerve
      - The trochlear nerve
      - The trigeminal nerve
      - The abducent nerve
      - The facial nerve
      - The vestibulocochlear nerve
      - The glossopharyngeal nerve
      - The vagus nerve
      - The accessory nerve
      - The hypoglossal nerve
      - The spinal nerves:
        
        The posterior divisions
        
        Divisions of the PNS of the body:
        
        4 divisions of the peripheral nervous system:
        
        Somatic sensory system are widely spread throughout the body that deal with touch, pain, vibration, pressure, temperature, proprioception, hearing, balance and vision.
        
        Somatic motor system deals with voluntary skeletal muscle contractions
        
        Visceral sensory system deals with stretching, pain, temperature, nausea, hunger, taste and smell.
        
        Visceral motor system deals with the involuntary contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle. This includes the sympathetic division (fight or flight) and parasympathetic division (rest and digest) which include the autonomic nervous system.
        
        Motor endings are axon terminals of motor neurons and they innervate effectors. (Muscles are effectors)
        
        Neurotransmitters:
        
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        The anterior divisions
        
        The thoracic nerves
        
        The lumbosacral plexus
        
        The sacral and coccygeal nerves