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Slavery (Westward Expansion (Missouri Compromise 1820 Maine admitted to…
Slavery
Slavery
- First slaves brought to America in 1600's to work on sugar and tobacco farms in southern USA.
- 1808 international slave trade abolished but slavery itself continued.
- Over the next 50 years the South became more united in favour of keeping slavery as cotton productuion grew - they needed cheap labour ( slaves ) to pick it.
- The Northern states were opposed to slavery -there was widespread belief by abolitionists that it was cruel and immoral.
- Southern ( slave ) states felt North would end slavery and so ruin their econmy.They felt North looked down on them.
Industry
North - Diverse economy based on industry and agriculture (85% of all factories, 92% iron and steel production) - Large cities undergoing urbanisation eg. New York - Massive immigration strengthened economy (70% of immigrants from Europe stayed in North) - Economy based on free labour
South - Economy based on agriculture (plantations growing rice, cotton and tobacco) - Mainly rural with few cities - Few immigrants
States Power
A big issue in the 1850's was how much power the federal (national) government really should have over its people
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Westward Expansion
Missouri Compromise 1820 Maine admitted to the USA as a free state (no slaves)
Missouri admitted to the USA as a slave state (has slaves)
slavery banned North of this line
Missouri Compromise 1820 Compromise kept the balance between free and slave states and ended the debate in government over slavery in the new states (but only for a while.) some southerners opposed it because they hated the government making laws over slavery, whilst Northerners disliked it because it meant slavery was expanding.
Compromise of 1850 Saw the admission of california as a free state to the USA After the Gold Rush of 1849... IN order to maintain the new Missouri Compromise, new territories of New Mexico and Utah were allowed to decide themselves whether or not to have slaves... Both chose to open slavery in their territories.
Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854 By the early 1850's early settlers wanted to move into Nebraska (on the great plains)... This allowed states to decide the issue of slavery for themselves, thus allowing slavery above the Missouri Line, overturning the Missouri Compromise of 1820... It sparked violence between pro- and anti- slavery settlers known as Bleeding Kansas... Increased tensions and mistrust between the North and South - particularly outraging many Northerners, giving ride to the anti- slavery Republican Party (including Abraham lincoln)... In the end, both were free states.
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Uncle Tom's Cabin 1852 Published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher stowe... Showed slavery as a brutal, cruel system... Best selling book of the 1800's ... increased tensions between North and South... "So you're the little woman who wrote that book that started this great war." Abraham Lincoln.
John Brown's Raid 1859 October 1859, anti-slavery campaigner John Brown led a raid on a weapons store at harper's Ferry... Aim was to spark and arm a slave uprising... Brown was caught and was hung... He became a martyr for the campaign against slavery... South believed Brown was working for the federal Government
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