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Semester 1 Review Guide (Proteins are polymers composed of building…
Semester 1 Review Guide
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The four primary functions of carbohydrates in the body are to provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules, and spare protein and fat for other uses.
A nucleic acid is a biopolymer composed of monomeric units of nucleotides. The DNA in it carries the code for making proteins.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, and can be multicellular while Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles and are unicellular. Both have ribosomes, cytoplasm, and membrane
An Extremophile is a microorganism that lives in conditions of extreme temperature, acidity, alkalinity, or chemical concentration
Channel Proteins- transport molecules across the membrane until both sides of the membrane are equally distributed
The Central Dogma describes the 2-step process where DNA Encodes RNA, then RNA Encodes Protein. Ribosomes are able to read the genetic information inscribed on RNA to string amino acids together into a protein
The Central Dogma describes the 2-step process where DNA Encodes RNA, then RNA Encodes Protein. Ribosomes are able to read the genetic information inscribed on RNA to string amino acids together into a protein
Dehydration Synthesis involves building large molecules called polymers by joining together monomers while Hydrolysis Reaction breaks them apart
If the temperature gets too high, the enzyme loses shape and will get denatured and the substrates move faster. If the ph of enzyme gets too high or low, it will also become denatured, but can return to its original form if the ph goes back to normal.
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Hypertonic- Water moves out from the cell and into the solution, causing the cell to shrink
Hypertonic- Water moves out from the cell and into the solution, causing the cell to shrink
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Anaerobic respiration is located at the inner cell. It does not use oxygen, produces very little energy, and combines ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Aerobic respiration is located at the mitochondria. It uses oxygen, produces a high amount of energy, and combines carbon dioxide and water.
Respiration is a process where an organism’s cells get energy by combining oxygen and glucose, causing a release of water, carbon dioxide, ATP.
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Lipids are large biomolecules that are nonpolar that make them insoluble in water, makeup cell membranes, and contain long fatty acid chains.