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Phlebotomy Chapter 8 (needles (point, bevel, shaft, shaft can differ in…
Phlebotomy Chapter 8
needles
point, bevel, shaft
shaft can differ in length and gague
gauge describes the diameter or lumen of the needle
larger the gauge number the smaller the lumen of the needle
multisample needle is double ended
tourniquet
is the most commone way to locate a vein
prevents venous blood flow which causes veins to bulge
may be latex or nonlatex
may be only used once, if notified, can use longer
Puncture site
70% isopropyl alcohol an antiseptic to cleanse the skin before a venipuncture
alcohol left to dry on the arm is bacteriostatic
allergic pts use iodine
2in by 2 in gauze pad
syringes and needles
syringe has a plunger, barrel, and a syringe needle
syringe is used on small fragile veins to control the pull of the vaccum on the veins
flash of blood in the hub of the needle when you are in the vein
blood must be transferred to evacuate the tubes
ETS
uses a multisample needle, an evacuated tube and an adapter
needle and holder are used once and then disposed of "intact" into a sharps container
best to use tubes, holders, and needles from the same manufacturere for best fit
tubes are color coded
Equipment
needles, tubes, sharps disposal container, needle holder, syringes, winged infusion sets, pens, gloves, tourniquets, antispetic, gauze, and bandages
carry in a tray or a cart
out patients will sit in a chair
Butterfly needles
used on pediatric or elderly patients for small veins
butterflys have 1/2 to 3/4 in, 23 gauge needle with wings and plastic tubing
syringe or tube holder can be attached at the end
types of blood samples
whole blood- is mixed with an anticoagulent to prevent clotting and is for hematology cell counts
Serum- is the fluid portion of blood after clotting is used for chemistry testing such as glucose
Plasma- is the fluid portion of blood containing an anticoagulent is used for stat chemistry testing
Anticoagulents
prevent blood from clotting
diff coagulants work in different ways to prevent clotting and yeild plasma
EDTA and heparin
Clot activaters
thrombin is an additive that promotes coagulation
Glass or silica promote clotting by providing more surface area for platelet activation
Thixotropic Gel
an inert synthetic substance without a density between that of cells and plasma or serum
SST
Antiglycolytic Agents
Sodium fluoride is an additive in the gray stopper tube used for glucose