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Nervous System (Names of lobes and functions (-frontal: decision making,…
Nervous System
Names of lobes and functions
-frontal: decision making, analytical thought, language, conscious movement, and conscious thought
Parietal lobe: 5 senses, sound, touch, sight, taste, and smell; awareness: who, what, where, and when through 5 senses
Occipital: collection of visual data and stimuli; colors, motion of objects, and visual orientation
Temporal: memory; recognition of facial features, face he or she has seen before, objects, understanding words, and language structure
Classification of neurons
Group A: largest diameter, thick myelin sheath, and conduct impulses at 150 m/s
Group B: lightly myelinated fibers, intermediate diameter, impulses at 15 m/s
Group C: smallest diameter, non-myelinated, incapable if saltatory conduc. And impulses at 1 m/s or less
Major Divisions and Sub divisions
Central Nervous System
Peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic division
Structure and function of a neuron
-consists of a spherical nucleus; protein- membrane making machinery, cytoskeleton, pigments
Dendrites: serves as a receptive region; transmits and electrical signal toward the cell body
-Axons: carries action potentials away from the nerve cell body
-Myelin sheath: surrounds all but the smallest nerve fibers and aids in traveling signals
Major nerves of the body
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Divisions of the PNS of the body
Somatic Nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
Compare and contrast the autonomic nervous system
Compare
-consists of motor neurons
-monitors visceral organs and blood vessels with sensory neurons
contrast
Motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles
Major functions
-Sensory
-Motor
-Integration
Major Parts of the brain
-parietal lobe
-occipital lobe
-frontal lobe
-temporal lobe
-motor cortex
-longitudinal fissure
-lateral sulcus
-brocas area
-spinal cord
-cerebellum
-medulla oblongata
-Pons
Layers of meninges
1) dura mater
2) arachnoid mater
3) pia mater
Space and ventricles of the brain
1-4 ventricles
-central canal
-lateral sulcus
-2 lateral ventricles
-fornix
-cerebral aqueduct
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
-Spinal cord is a bundle of nervous tissues along the brain and vertebrae
-there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves
-2 grooves: ventral median fissure and dorsal median sulcus
-Dorsal horns and ventral horns
-Aids in travelling signals to the brain from sensory receptors
Action potential
1) Resting state: All voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed( activation gate and inactivation gate)
2) Depolarization: voltage-gated Na+ channels open, must reach threshold to be self-generating
3 )Re-polarization: Na+ channels are inactivating, and voltage gated K+ channels open, self-limited action potential because inactivation gates of Na+ channels close
-Repolarization: return of membrane action potential to the initial resting polarized state
4) Hyper-polarization:Some K+ channels remain open and Na+ channels rest
Drugs that affect the brain
-Alcohol
-Cocaine
-Dissociative drugs
-GHB and Rohypnol
-heroine
-inhalants
-maijuana
-MDMA
-Methamphetamine
-nicotine
-ecstasy
-LSD
Diseases associated with the brain
-Alzheimer disease
-dementia
-brain cancer
-epilepsy
-mental disorders
-Parkinson
-stroke
-concussion
Cranial nerves
-Olfactory nerves
-Optic nerve
-oculomotor nerve
-Trochlear nerve
-Trigeminal nerve
-Abducent nerve
-Facial nerve
-Vestibulocochlear nerve
-Glossopharyngeal nerve
-Vagus nerve
-Accesory nerve
-Hypoglossal Nerve
Spinal Nerves
-Posterior Divisions
-Anterior division
-Thoracic nerves
-Lumbosacral nerves
-Sacral and coccygeal nerves
-In total 31 nerves
Coverings
-Pia mater
-Arachnoid mater
-Dura Mater
Neurotransmitters
-Dopamine
-Serotonin
-norepinephrine
-acetylcholine
-glutamate
-GABA
-Glycine
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
-Cervical nerves
-Thoracic nerves
-Lumbar nerves
-Sacral nerves
Reflex Arc
A neural pathway, meaning it does not pass directly through the brain