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Knee Examination (Special Tests (Cruciate Ligaments (Ant + Post drawer…

- - - - Scars: arthroscopic ports, KR (midline longitudinal), menisectomy
      - Bruising, erythema
    - - Swelling: knee and popliteal fossa (Baker’s Cyst)
      - Muscle wasting: quads, hamstrings
        Measure quads circumference @ 15cm from tib tuberosity
    - - Genu vara (bow legged): OA
      - Genu valga (knock-knee): RA
- - - - Patella, tendon and tibial tuberosity
      - Popliteal fossa
- - - - Meniscal tear
      - Capsular tear
      - Osteochondral #
- - - - Up to 50-70% w/o prophylaxis
      - 25% c¯ prophylaxis
    - - Must remove metalwork before revision.
- - - - Above knee joint line
      - Assoc. c¯ semimembranosus
    - - Posterior herniation of knee joint capsule
      - A/w degenerative knee joint disease
      - Located below knee joint line
      - Dx: US
      - Mx Aspiration possible: high recurrence