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England c. 1450 - c. 1750, justine (Wars (The Hundred Years' War (1337…
England c. 1450 - c. 1750, justine
government in England
Was a monarchy
Gentry Officials:
King James I
believed in the divine right of kings --> a claim from the Middle Ages that the right to rule was given to a king by God
Believed himself outside of the law and any earthly authority and saw any challenge toward him as a challenge to God
Tudors, ruled 1485-1603
relied on justices of peace --> officials selected by the landed gentry had the job of maintaining peace in the counties of England, even settling some legal matters, and to carry out the monarch's laws
under Tudor rule, the power of feudal lords weakened
William and Mary, 1689
signed English Bill of Rights, which assured individual civil liberties (ie, legal process was required before someone could be arrested and detained
Bill of Rights also guaranteed protection against tyranny of the monarchy by requiring the agreement of Parliament on matters of taxation and raising an army
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belief systems
Hussites
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John Wycliffe and Lollards believed that priests were unnecessary for salvation, c. late 14 ce
started through Jan Hus in Bohemia, he was eventually burned at stake and him and his followers were called heretics for their beliefs
Anglicanism
Church of England, one that is free of control by the pope in Rome
started through approval from Parliament,King King Henry VIII (ruled 1509-1547)
King Henry VIII wanted wanted a male heir to succeed him, so he had asked pope ti annul his marriage but pope refused due worrying about how emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Charles V, would react
Wars
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Peace of Westphalia
allowed each area of Holy Roman Empire to select one of three religious: Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism
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Scientific Revolution
empiricism
created by English scientist, Francis Bacon in 1620
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Bacon challenged traditional ideas that had been accepted for centuries and replace them with ones that could be demonstrated with evidence