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Unit 4 Presidents (Jackson (nullification crisis (it involved a…
Unit 4 Presidents
Jackson
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he gained fame as an Indian fighter and a hero of the Battle of NOLA, chewed tobacco, had a violent temper, and he was the 1st president since Washington without a college education
Jackson's party smeared the president and accused Adam's wife of being born out of wedlock. Adam's supporters accused Jackson's wife of adultery
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nullification crisis
it involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal gov. in which tariffs would not be collected and Jackson reacted decisively and told people to prepare for military action and started nullification and disunion were treason. he believed the bank of the US was unconstitutional
2nd term
his main goal was to destroy the bank of the US, and he was successful. he transferred the funds to state banks, but it made bank notes lose their value and the economy to be in a depression
Jefferson
he reduced the size of the military, eliminated a number of federal jobs, repealed the excise taxes--including those on whiskey--and lowered the national debt
compared to Adam's troubled administration, Jefferson's first four years in office were relatively free of discord
he attempted to win the allegiance and trust of Federalist opponents by maintaining the national bank and debt-repayment plan of Hamilton
the Louisiana Purchase
it encompassed a large and largely unexplored tract of western land through which the Mississippi and Missouri rivers flowed
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Jefferson wanted to purchase it because so long as a foreign power controlled the river at New Orleans, the US risked entanglement in European affairs
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it more than doubled the size of the US, removed a European presence from the nation's borders, and extended the western frontier to lands beyond the Mississippi
2nd Term
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Jefferson tried to avoid war by rejecting permanent alliances, and he sought to maintain US neutrality despite increasing provocations from both France and Britain during the Napoleonic wars
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Jefferson persuaded the Democratic-Republican Party majority in Congress to pass the Embargo Act in 1807 which prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
Madison
life Jefferson, he attempted a combination of diplomacy and economic pressure to deal with the Napoleonic Wars.
non-intercourse act 1809
Madison hoped to end economic hardship while maintaining his country's rights as a neutral nation. it provided that Americans could now trade with all nations except Britain and France
viewed as a brilliant thinker and a weak public speaker. had a stubborn temperament and lacked Jefferson's political skills
2nd Term
facing Britain's overwhelming naval power, Madison's military strategists based their hope for victory on (1) Napoleon's continued success in Europe and (2) a US land campaign against Canada.
from Madison's point of view, the war achieved none of its original aims.
- having survived two wars with Britain, the US gained the respect of other nations
- the US accepted Canada as part of the British Empire
- Denounced for its talk of secession, the Federalist party came to an end as a national force and declined even in New England
- talk of nullification and secession, the Federalist party came to an end as a national force and declined even in New England
- abandoned by the British, American Indians were forced to surrender land to white settlement
- with the British naval blockade limiting European goods, US factories were built and Americans moved toward industrial self-sufficiency
- war heroes such as Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison would soon be in the forefront of a new generation of political leaders
- the feeling of nationalism grew stronger as did a belief that the future for the US lay in the west and away from Europe
he won reelection, defeating De Witt Clinton of New York, the candidate of the Federalists and antiwar Democratic-Republicans
Van Buren
Just as he took office, the country suffered a financial panic as one bank after another closed its doors
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Jackson persuaded the Democratic party to nominate his loyal vice president, Martin Van Buren, who was a master of politics
in the election of 1840, the Whigs were in a strong position to defeat Van Buren and the Jacksonian Democrats.
Monroe
the country acquired Florida, agreed on the Missouri Compromise, and adopted the Monroe Doctrine
the Missouri Compromise was the legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South in the United States Senate
the Monroe Doctrine a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US. the Monrow Doctrine had less significance at the time than in later decades, when it would be hailed by politicians and citizens alike as the cornerstone of US foreign policy toward Latin America
Monroe's bold words of nationalistic purpose were applauded by the American public but soon forgotten, as most citizens were more concerned with domestic issues
He defeated the Federalist, Rufus King in 1816. by 1820, the Federalist party had vanished and he received every electoral vote except one
Adams
Henry Clay used his influence in the House to provide John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts with enough votes to win
he asked congress for money for internal improvements, aid to manufacturing, and even a national university and an astronomical observatory
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Harrison
Harrison died of pneumonia less than a month after taking office and Tyler, not much of a Whig, succeeded to the presidency
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the Whigs put log cabins on wheels and paraded the, down the streets of cities and towns to symbolize Harrison's humble origins