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Chapter 16, hormones regulating feeding (leptin: fat signal, long term…
Chapter 16
hormones regulating feeding
leptin: fat signal, long term satiation signal
obesity: abnormally high level of leptin but reduced leptin receptor expression
ghrelin: short term need to eat signal
insulin: satiety signal
motivation
reason: ultimate & proximate
like: reward
want: reinforce
incentive salience: wanting
definition: voluntary action to satisfy a need
maintenance of homeostasis
hypothalamus
regulates body's response
humoral (body fluids)
visceromotor (visceral movement)
somatic motor (voluntary)
regulator of homeostasis
feeding
lateral: feeding induction
MC4 receptor
leptin up -- inhibit AgRP -- less appetite
leptin up -- aMSH up -- less appetite
lesion: no eating
stimulation: eating even full
NP:
MCH -- meal prolongation
Orexin -- meal initiation
ventromedial: feeding cessation
arcuate nucleus
aMSH & CART: diminish appetite
NPY & AgRP: induce appetite
energy
storage:
anabolism
prandial state
breakdown:
catabolism
post-absorptive state
long term regulation of feeding
(feedback loop)
fat increase
leptin up
aMSH & CART up
sympathetic preganglionics up
feeding down
cell metabolism up
PVN up
anterior pituitary
TSH up
cell metabolism up
ACTH up
cortisol up
feeding down
cell metabolism up
MC4R up
feeding down
Orexin & MCH down
feeding down
fat decrease
leptin down
NPY & AgRP up
PVN down
metabolism down
MC4R down
feeding up
Orexin & MCH up
feeding up
parasympathetic preganglionics up
feeding up
short term regulation of feeding
phases
cephalic: sight and smell food
gastric: autonomic increase with eating
substrate: nutrients into blood
pathways
fasting
ghrelin up
NPY & AgRP up
MCH & orexin up
MC4R down
PVN down
cephalic phase (food presented)
insulin up + blood glucose down
NPY & AgRP up
MCH & orexin up
parasympathetic up
MC4R down
gastric & substrate phase (food consumed)
blood glucose up
insulin up
NPY & AgRP down
aMSH & CART up
MC4R up
MCH & orexin down
PVN up
CRH & TRH up
ACTH & TSH up
1 more item...
end of meal
blood glucose up
insulin up
NPY & AgRP down
aMSH & CART up
MC4R up
PVN up
CRH & TRH up
ACTH & TSH up
cortisol up
1 more item...
Dopamine
reinforcement
addiction
serotonin
mood regulator
eating disorders