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The Nervous System Natalia Panuco Period 7 (Drugs that Affect the Brain…
The Nervous System Natalia Panuco Period 7
Major Functions of the Nervous System
Major Divisions and Subdivisions of the Nervous System
Major Part of the Brain and their Functions
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebrum ( Cerebral Hemisphere)
Superior part of the brain composed of two cerebral hemispheres ("Higher Brain")
Has gray matter, white matter and basal nuclei
Largest mass of the brain (83%)
Responsible for voluntary or conscious activities
Allows us to remember the past, plan for the future, and imagine things that have not happened
A flat bundle of nerve fivers called the
corpus callosum
connects the hemisphere
Each hemisphere is divided into regions called
lobes
Four lobes named for their skull bones that cover them:
-Frontal
-Parietal
-Temporal
-Occipital
Cerebellum
Names of all the Lobes and their Functions
The Layers of the Meninges
Spaces and Ventricles
Tissues (Structure and Function of a Neuron)
Classification of Neurons
Major Parts and Functions of the Spinal Cord
Action Potential
Drugs that Affect the Brain (Mouse Party and Drugs of Abuse)
Alcohol
Slows brain and nerve functions
Impairs coordination, reasoning, balance, speech, reaction time, and judgement
Causes memory loss, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, death
GABA inhibition neurotransmitter
Glutamate neurotransmitter
Affects areas of the brain involved in memory formation, decision making and impulse control
Cocaine
Speeds up brain and nerve activity
Numbing, anesthetic effect
Causes increase energy, alertness, and confidence, and decreases appetite
Dopamine neurotransmitter
Blocks transporters
Dopamine binds again and again
Contacts in the reward pathway
Active on the part of voluntary movements
Opioids
Causes itching, nausea, vomiting
Causes pin-point pupils and rush of warmth and pleasure
Followed by a period of drowsiness and clouded thinking
Inhalents
Impair coordination, speech, and judgement
Effect the brain in great force and speed
Cause hallucinations, confusion, seizures, brain damaged, sudden death
Marjuana
Causes relaxful peaceful feeling, anxiety, paranoia
Impair thinking, memory, and attention
Effect coordination, balance, and slow reaction time
Before it enters the system inhibitory neurotransmitters are active in synapse neurotransmitters inhabit dopamine
Affect neurotransmitters by mimicking adenine binds to cannabis receptors
Affects the person's mood by slowing down, relaxation, and makes them calm
MDMA
Causes increase in energy and distortion in perceptions
Effects are involuntary jaw clenching, muscle cramping, chills, and sweating
Interferes with body temperature regulations
Methamphetamine
Causes increase alertness and energy and decreases appetite
Have long term effect beyond dependency and addiction
Develop violent and self-harming behavior, malnutrition, memory loss, anxiety, insomnia, paranoia, delusions
Taken into cell by dopamine transporters
Forces dopamine molecules out
Gives an intense pleasure and exhilaration
Nicotine
Increases nerve activity and heart rate
Causes intense cravings, difficulty concentrating, irritability, sleep disturbances
Causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, emphysema, COPD
Psychedelics
Causes users to see and hear and feel things that aren't actually there
Effects are increase body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure, dilated pupils, loss of appetite, nausea, paranoia, panic and sleeplessness
GHB & Rohypnol
Causes hallucinations, nausea, slow breathing, coma, and death
Used for date-rape drug; victims may be unable to fight off their attackers and may not remember what happened
Dissociative Drug
Causes hallucination and distortion in perception, feeling of detachment from the body and its surroundings
Causes to lose touch with reality, behave unpredictably and violently
Causes seizures, fevers, coma, and death
Diseases Associated with the Brain
Divisions of the PNS of the Body (ex. Sensory, Motor, Somatic..etc.)
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Coverings
Neurotransmitters
Compare and Contrast the Autonomic Nervous System
Reflex Arc