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Daniela Cerna Period 2 the nervous sytem (Drugs that affect the…
Daniela Cerna Period 2
the nervous sytem
Drugs that affect the brain(mouse party & drugs of abuse)
Dissociative Drug
Behave violently, feeling of death
MDMA
Emotional connection, involuntary jaw clenching, chills and panic attacks
Opoids
Rush of warmth and pleasure, itching, vomiting
Alcohol
Effects balance, speech, coordination, reaction and reasoning
Heroin
Responsible for the transmission of pain signals, stress response and emotional attachment
Ecstasy
Responsible for mood sleep, perception and appetite
Marijuana
Removing unnecessary short terms memories, relaxed and calmed
Methamphetamine
Meth is highly addictive making the user feel intense pleasure and exhilaration
Cocaine
Alert, increase energy, speed up brain activity
Inhalents
Brain damage, deaths, vomiting and confusion
Nicotine
Intense crawing, sleep, cancer and heart disease
Neurotransmitter
It binds with receptors on postsynaptic neuron's cell membrane
At least 30 to 50 different neurotransmitters identified
Synaptic end bulbs may contaion 2 or 3 different neurotransmitters
Structure
Axon
long thread part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
Myelin
a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted
Cell body
Contains nucleus and other organelles, is the metabolic center
Node of ranvier
Spaces between myelin schwann cells
Dendrite
a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
Tissues
3 types of Neuron structure
Bipolar- one dendrite, one axon
unipolar- fused axon and dendrite
multipolar- many dendrites, one axon
Anatomy of the spinal cord
Connection between the brain and brainstem to the rest of the body
Begins at the base of the brain at the foramen magnum and extends as a slender cord
Two deep longitudinal grooes
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous
SNS consist of motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles
ANS monitors visceral organs and blood vessels with sensory neurons
coverings
Fascicle
a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers or conducting vessels in plants
Endoneurium
a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system
Perenerium
the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx
Epenerium
is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve
Major functions of the nervous system
integrative functions
Stimuli that are received by sensory structures are communicated to the nervous system where that information is processed
sensory function
consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception
motor functions
involves the precise movement of muscles with the intent to perform a specific act
Action potential
Nerve impulse is transmitted during action potential, only axons are capable of action potentials
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
peripheral nervous system
is the division of the nervous system containing all the nerves that lie outside of the central nervous system
Central Nervous System
the part of the nervous system which in vertebrates consists of the brain and spinal cord
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System
the (brain,spinal cord)
To receive incoming sensory information, thoughts and emotions generated
Central Nervous System
All nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord
Spinal nerves carry impulses to and front spinal cords cranial nerves carry impulses to and from cranium
Divisions of the PNS of the body
motor nerves
sends motor signals from the CNS to the muscles of the body
Somatic
Controls voluntary movements
Sensory nerves
a nerve that carries sensory information toward the central nervous system
Major parts of the brain & their functions
4 major regions of the brain
cerebrum
Largest portion and associated with higher mental function
diencephalon
is a division of the forebrain and is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain
brain stem
consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
cerebellum
coordinates muscular acticity
Divided into regions
Gyrus-bumps, elevated ridges of tissues
sulcus- creases shallow grooves
fissure- deeper grooves, usually seperate large parts of the brain
it contains about 100 billion neurons and weights about 3 pounds
Names of all the lobes & their functions
temporal lobe
involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex
parietal lobe
processing sensory information regarding the location of parts of the body as well as interpreting visual information and processing language and mathematics
frontal lobe
part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors
occipital lobe
control vision, damage to other brain regions and body parts can inhibit vision
Reflect Arc- nerve pathway of a reflex response
2 types
spinal
signal travels through spine fro example patellar reflex
cranial
Signal travels brain sterm like pupillary response
5 parts of reflex arcs
sensory receptor-Afferent nerve ending detects stimulus
sensory afferent neuron-Sends signal to CNS
synapse interneuron integration center- Connection between sensory neuron and neuron
motor efferent neuron- Delivers response to target organs
effector- Targets organs responds to signal
Major parts & functions of the spinal cord
Gray matter receives and integrate information especially for spinal reflexes
2 major functions
to transmit impulses to and from the brain
to house spinal reflexes
White matter tracts serve as information highways to and from the brain