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Nervous System George Soria Period 4 (Structure of the Neuron (Dendrite,…
Nervous System
George Soria
Period 4
Major part of the brain and
their functions
Cerebrum
largest portion and associated with higher mental functions
Diencephalon
Processes sensory input and controls many homeostatic process
Brain Stem
coordinates and relegates visceral activities
Cerebellum
coordinates muscular activity
Major Divisions and Subdivisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Function: Receive incoming Sensory Information
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Function: Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from spinal cord
Motor (efferent) Nerves
Carry impulses from CNS to organs, muscles
Somatic nervous system (SNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sensory (afferent) Nerves
Relay information from skin muscles and glands to CNS
Lobes
Frontal Lobes
Personality / emotions / intelligence
Parietal Lobes
Size, shape, color, pain, temperature and speech
Temporal Lobes
Hearing, Speech, Memory, Sequencing and organization
Occipital Lobes
Processes vision
Major functions of the Nervous System
Endocrine System
Slow Communication
Nervous System
Fast Communication
Sensory System
Detects changes (stimuli)
within body and outside body
Integrative System
It analyzes sensory information, stores some aspects, and makes decisions regarding appropriate behaviors.
Motor Functions
It may respond to stimuli by initiating muscular appropriate behaviors
The layers of the meninges
Middle layer known as the Arachnoid Mater is Very thin and lacks blood vessels
Inner layer is known as the Pia Mater covers every fold of the brain
Outer layer known as the Dura Mater is tough, white dense connective tissue that contains many blood vessels.
Spaces & ventricles
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Protects, cushions, nourish brain and
spinal cord
Blood-Brain Barrier
Protects from toxin in blood
Structure of the Neuron
Dendrite
Portion of neuron that receives
Synaptic end bulbs
Axon and collaterals that end in axon terminals
Axon
Start as a single fiber, but may give off branches called collateral
axon; the portion that conducts signal away from the cell body
neurontransmitters
end bulbs that contain synaptic vesicles
Cell Body
Contains nucleus & other organelles, is the metabolic center
Nodes of ranviver
Spaces between myelin/Schwann cells
Melanin
Fatty substance that surrounds axon, insulates signal
Allows signal to be sent faster
3 types of neuron structures
Multipolar
Many dendrites and one axon
Bipolar
One dendrites and one Axon
Unipolar
Fused axon and dendrite
Major functions of the spinal cord
The spinal cord is a connection between the brain and the brainstem to the rest of the body
Major parts of the spinal cord
The spinal cord consists of 31 segments and each consist a pair of spinal nerves
White matter
Anterior
Posterior
Gray Matter
Action Potential
Nerve impulse is transmitted during action
potential only axons are capable of action
potentials
Drugs that effect the brain
Herion
Ecstacy
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Alcohol
Cocaine
LSD
Diseases associated with the brain
Dementia
Forgetfulness
CVA/Stroke
Blood stroke to the brain
Contusion
Concussion
Nerve coverings
Fascicle
A group of nerve fibers
Perineurium
Surrounds a group of nerve fibers
Endoneurium
Surrounds individual fibers within a nerve
Epineurium
Surrounds the entire nerve
Reflex Arc
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter binds with receptors on
the postsynaptic neuron’s cell membrane
Reflex Arc
sensory/afferent neuron sends
signal to CNS (reflex center)
sensory receptor to afferent
nerve ending detects stimulus
synapse/interneuron integration
center to connection between
sensory neuron and motor
(efferent) neuron
Motor/efferent neuron
delivers response to target organ
effector to target organ responds
to signal