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NERVOUS SYSTEM (MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: (CLASSIFICATION OF…

- - - - ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD:
        
        The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of the nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brain stem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid.
- - - - Ecstasy: The body will feel confused because the transporters start doing everything in reverse.
        Alcohol: affects memory formation in the brain, decision making, and impulse control.
        Inhalents: Can effect the brain causing confusion, and seizures, or even death.
        Metahamphetamine: Effects the brain memory when people get addicted to this drug.
      - DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH THE BRAIN:
        
        Demnetia- "forgetfulness" Loss of brain function because of diseases. Destruction of neurons in the brain. They are irreversible. Affects memory, language, focus, personality, skills. Most common is Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease.
        
        NERVE COVERINGS:
        
        Endoneurium: surrounds individual fibers within a nerve. Fascicle: a group of nerve fibers group of wrapped axons.
        Perineurium: Surrounds a group of nerve fibers surrounds a fascicle.
        Epineurium: Surrounds the entire nerve.
- - - - The peripheral nervous system is divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic nervous system is under voluntary control, and transmits signals from the brain to end organs such as muscles. The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle viscera and glands.
- - - - Nerve impulse is transmitted during action potential, only axons are capable of action potentials. Strong enough stimulation or nerve impulse causes Na+ to open which equals the Na+ to rush into the cell causing depolarization. If a strong enough, depolarization occurs, threshold potential is reached and impulse is sent down the axon. K+ rushes out of the neuron after Na+ rushes in, which causes a repolarization of the membrane back to resting potential.
      - NEUROTRANSMITTERS:
        
        Binds with receptors on the pastsynaptic neuron's cell membrane.
        
        REFLEX ARC:
        
        Nerve pathway of a reflex response. 1. Sensory receptor- afferent nerve ending detects stimulus.
        
        Sensory/ afferent neuron- sends signal to CNS reflex center.
        
        Synapse/ interneuron integration center- connection between sensory neuron and motor neuron.
        
        Motor/efferent neuron- delivers response to target organ.
        
        Effector- target organ responds to signal.
        
        SPACES AND VENTRICLES:
        
        Neural canal enlarges in 4 areas of the brain, forming ventricles. If cerebrospinal fluid cannot drain properly, causes enlargement of ventricles- hydrocephalus.