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PYELONEPHRITIS
common suppurative…
PYELONEPHRITIS
common suppurative inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis caused by bacterial infection
CAUSES OF PYELONEPHRITIS
INFECTION
a) Urinary Tract
Infection
-upper (kidney)
-lower (bladder)
b)Vaginal Infection
c)Bladder Stones
d) Sexual Transmitted Disease
NON INFECTION
a)Inflammation
-Renal Stones
-Medications
b)Trauma
-Catheter
-Foreign Body,Tampon
c)Malignancy
-Tumour
d)Immunesuppression
-Diabetes Mellitus
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Why Dysuria?
Dysuria is the painful or uncomfortable urination,typically a sharp,burning sensation.
Causes of Dysuria
1.cystitis
2.pyelonephritis
3.urethritis
4.infection of urinary tract
pathophysiology of dysuria
Lower respiratory tract infection causes the bacteria to ascend to ureters from lower tract.The bacteria with unique pili allow them to adhere to renal parenchyma.The bacteria will proliferate and causes pyelonephritis.Bacterial colony irritates urinary epithelium. causes dysuria and stimulation of urinary reflex causes urgency and frequency urination.
Frequent urination describes the need to urinate more often than usual.
urgent urination desricbes an overwhelimng need to get a restroom immediately.Both are causes by polyuria and reduced ability to hold urine.
polyuria is a condition where the body urinates more often than usual and passes excessive amount of the urine each time can be caused by drinking too much of water and diabetes mellitus.
nocturia is to describe for excessive urination at night.
PATHOGENESIS
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Direct Extension
Enterobacteria in colon -> Spread to bladder (colovesical fistula - open connecting between colon and bladder, so fecal from colon enter bladder) -> Recurrent infection
Causative agents, Community UTI and Cathether UTI
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Catheter Acquired
Definition
Indwelling catheters are the cause of this infection. It is a tube inserted into urethra. It drains urine from your bladder into a collection bag
Symptoms
Cloudy urine, blood in the urine, strong urine odour, fever
Causes
- Contamination of catheter upon insertion. 2. Drainage bag does not empty
- Bacteria from bowel movement get into the catheter
- Catheter does not regularly clean
- Urine in the catheter flow backward into bladder
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Community Acquired
Definition
Infection of urinary tract that occur in the community within less than 48 hours and was not incubating at the time of hospital admission
Symptoms
Pain with urination, frequent urination
Causes
E.coli, sexual intercourse
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Gross anatomy of kidney and urinary tract