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1.1 Revision: Material Properties (Strength (Compressive (Resist squeezing…
1.1 Revision: Material Properties
Strength
The ability for a material to
withstand a force
Compressive
Resist squeezing force
Tensile
Resist a pulling force
Torsional
Resist twisting force
Yield strength
Amount of stress needed to start permanently deform a material
Ultimate tensile strength
The stress at which the material eventually fails
Stress
Force/cross sectional area
Ductility
The amount that a metal can be deformed
A measure of ductility:
Strain:
The length a piece of material extends when a load has been applied, relative to its original length
change in length/original
Malleability:
The ability of a material to be deformed without rupturing
(the shape of the material can be changed without the material breaking)
Hardness:
The ability of a material to
resist wear and abrasion
Harder a material is, harder it is to use saws and machines to cut the material
Toughness
Ability of a material to
withstand an impact without breaking
Test: Put a material into a vice and hit it with a hammer, it may bend or dent but won't crack
The opposite is
brittleness
:
The potential for a material to shatter when it experiences an impact
Stiffness:
The ability of a material to resist bending
Stronger the material, the more it resists deforming, therefore the stiffer it is
Young's Modulus
The ratio of stress to strain of a material, showing how stiff it is
Stess/strain