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The Verb (The category of tense (two tenses in English (past (denotes a…

- - - - etc.
      - states
      - existence
      - evaluations
  - - - temporal correlation
      - tense
      - aspect
      - voice
      - mood
      - person
      - number
      - finitude
- - - - simple
        
        to play
      - soundreplacive
        
        food - to feed
        
        blood - to bleed
      - stress-replacive
        
        ‘insult - to in’sult
        
        ‘record - to re’cord
      - expanded
        
        oversleep
        
        undergo
      - composite
        
        to blackmail
      - phrasal
        
        to have a smoke
        
        to take a look
    - - regular
        
        stop — stopped
        
        play — played
      - irregular
        
        come — came — come
        
        cut — cut — cut
  - - - transitive
      - intransitive
    - - stative
        
        1) verbs of inert perception and cognition
        
        adore
        
        hate
        
        love
        
        2) relational verbs
        
        consist
        
        owe
        
        cost
        
        have
      - dynamic
        
        1) activity verbs
        
        beg
        
        call
        
        drink
        
        2) process verbs
        
        grow
        
        widen
        
        narrow
        
        3) verbs of bodily sensations
        
        hurt
        
        itch
        
        4) transitional event verbs
        
        die
        
        fall
        
        5) momentary
        
        hit
        
        kick
        
        nod
    - - terminative
      - durative
  - - - finite
      - non-finite
  - - - with the
        full lexical meaning
    - - modal verbs
      - link-verbs
    - - Strict order:
        
        1) modal;
        
        2) perfective;
        
        3) progressive;
        
        4) passive.
- - - - shall/should
      - will/would
  - - - the 1st
        person
      - the 3rd
        person
    - - no grammaticalized persons :red_cross:
  - - - marked member :warning:
    - - the unmarked member
- - - - number
        and person make use of the same morpheme
    - - The boys crowded round him. vs.
        *The boy crowded round him.
      - The soldiers regrouped and opened fire. vs.
        *The soldier regrouped and opened fire.
- - - - denotes a prior
        action
    - - denotes coincidence
    - - denotes a posterior action which follows the moment of speaking
  - - - “shall”
      - “will”
  - - - the category of primary time
        
        based upon
        the opposition of past vs. present
        
        the past tense being its strong member
      - the category of “prospective time”
        
        based on the opposition of
        “after-action” and “non-after-action”
        
        the marked member being the future tense
- - - - realized through the opposition Continuous — Non-Continuous (Progressive — Non-Progressive)
    - - be contrasting progressive
      - be contrasting non-progressive
  - - - understand
      - know
      - hate
      - love
      - see
      - taste
      - feel
      - possess
      - own
      - think
    - - refer to a state of affairs, rather than to an action, event or process
    - - Now I'm knowing you.
      - two
        semantic features
        
        duration (the action is always in progress)
        
        definiteness (the
        action is always limited to a definite point or period of time)
  - - - described in a clause is presented in its totality
        
        as a
        whole, viewed
        
        as it were
        
        from the outside
    - - is not presented in its totality
        
        viewed from within
        
        with focus on the
        internal temporal structure
        
        on some subinterval of time within the whole
- - - - a peculiar tense category :red_flag:
      - a peculiar aspect category :red_flag:
      - neither one of tense, nor one of aspect but a
        specific category different from both :red_flag:
      - denotes correlation of the action expressed by the finite verb to
        some moment in the past, present or future :red_flag:
      - based on the opposition “perfect vs. non-perfect” :red_flag:
    - - denote priority to the moment in the past, present or future
    - - denote simultaneity with a moment in the past, present of
        future