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Growth adaptations depends on the stress (Increase stress => increase…
Growth adaptations depends on the stress
Increase stress => increase size
hypertrophy
increase protein synthesis for cytoskeleton
production of organelles
generally occur together
permanent tissue
hyperplasia
dysplasia
cancer
exception
Benign prostatic hyperplasia cannot become a cancer
Decrease
atrophy
size of cells
ubiquitin proteosome degradation of the cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton must get smaler
ubiquitin is on intermediate filaments
proteosomes is organelle that sees ubiquitin to kill it
autophagy
vacuoles eat the organelles by fusing with lysosome
number of cells
apoptosis
change in stress
metaplasia
occur bc new cells are better able to handle the stress
organ respond by changing it's cell type
involve the surface epithelium
by reprogramming the stem cells
reversible
cancer
apocrine metaplasia
does not lead to cancer
Barrett esophagus
if acid gets into the esophagus, squamous epithelium => mucinous, columnar, non ciliated
vitamin A deficiency