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Nervous System (Tissues of a Nueron (astrocytes:most abundant glial cells…
Nervous System
Tissues of a Nueron
astrocytes:most abundant glial cells,support neurons and anchor them to blood capilaries that feed neurons: mop up leaked potasium ions and recycle neurotransmitters
microglia:oval cells with long thorny processes that monitor neuron health, turn into microphages that eat harmful micro organisms
ependymal cells:squamous to columnar shaped cells many ciliated that line cavities of brain and spinal cord, where they form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid that fills cavities and tissue that baths cells of CNS; beating cilia circulates cerebrospinal fluid
oligodendrocytes:fewer branched cells that line up along thicker neuron fibers in CNS and wrap around fibers forming insulation called myelin sheaths
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dendrites:diffusely branched extensions of cell body that are receptive or input regions which recieve signals from other neurons and convey them to cell body. These electrical signals are graded responses
axons:begin form cone-shaped area that narrows to thing cable like extension, some very long like sciatic nerve; spine to toe, longest cell in body.
axonal terminals:ends of axon that may have 10,000 or more terminal branches; secreting components which causes release of neurotransmitters
Schwann cells:myelin sheaths in PNS; they indent to recieve the axon and wrap themselves around it in a jelly roll fashion
neurilemma:portion of the schwann cell, that includes exposed part of its plasma membrane
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Brain Lobes
sensory cortex:small strip of parietal lobe that controls sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
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Wernicke's area:language center in the temporal lobe that helps with the sounds and meanings of words
parietal lobe:processes all sensory info (touch, pressure, pain, temperature) except vision,hearing, and smell
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Brain Meningeal Spaces
Meninges:three layers of protective tissue called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater that surround the neuraxis
Epidural space:space between the dura mater and the periosteum.always exists around spinal cord but not around the brain because the dura mater fuses with the bony plates of the skull
subarachnoid space:space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater,exists around both the brain and spinal cord
filled w/ CSF
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arachnoid villus:knob-like projections of the arachnoid mater that extend through the dura mater into the superior sagittal sinus
superior sagittal sinuses:formed where the periosteal and meningeal layers separate to form a channel
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Brain Meninges
arachnoid mater
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subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia, contains cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater
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thin, contains blood vessels
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Dura matter:
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made of tough, white, fiborous connective tissue
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Major Part of Brain
Cerebellum: Controls coordination, voluntary movement, motor memory (skills), & learning
Brainstem:Underneath the limbic system, responsible for vital life functions
Cerebrum: coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.balance acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord
Action Potential
Step 1:Depolarization:Special channels called stimulus gated channels in the dendrite open when certain chemicals like neurotransmitters bind to them
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