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World Geography (Borders (Boundary types (Oceanic Boundaries- Boundaries…
World Geography
Borders
Remittances- Money sent by mail in payment for goods or services, sometimes for exchange or trade from another country.
Geopolitics- Politics which deal wth international relations. Which are influenced by geographical features and problems.
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Border Disputes- Problems that countries face with each other whch deal with borders of land or ocean mass.
Definitional- When two countries interpret the same border law differently. We see this in the South China Sea.
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Locational- When the original landmark which marked a border moves. Example, whjen a river dries up or changes course.
Operational- When bprders are agreed to but then passage through the bprders becomes a problem for the countries.
Ethnonationalism- When a nation is defined by its culture and ethnicity. This is a common occurrence when countries have a strong form of ancestry rooted in the country.
Centripetal and centrifugal forces- Centripetal forces are aspects of a country which unify a country and bring its people together. Examples of this would include religion or a strong economy. Centrifugal forces are aspects of a country which break it apart. This includes racism and a failing economy.
Boundary types
Oceanic Boundaries- Boundaries which lie in oceanic waters, countries who own the shore of these waters own some of the water as well.
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Geometric Boundaries- Boundaries which are formed by lines agreed on by the countries of eiher side. An example of this is longitude or lattitude lines and the Canada US border.
Physical Boundaries- Natural features which create boundaries between countries such as rivers or mountains.
Compact State- A state/ country who has sides with roughly equal distance to its center, this is circular or square shaped states such as Colorado.
Prorupted State- When a state/ country has a protrusion which extends off its main land. An example is Thailand.
Perforated State- A land mass who surroounds another land mass. An example of this is South Africa, as it completely surrounds Lesotho.
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Fragmented State- When a land mass is spread out in a cluster of lots of small sections which are not connected to each other. The Phillipines represent this well.
Enclave State- A state which is completely surrounded by another state/ country. Lesotho is an enclave state.
Exclave State- when one section of a state or country is separated from the majority mass. Alaska is an exclave state.
Geographic Causes of Inequality- When a country faces hardships puely based on location. Africa severely sees this for many reasons such as long deserts which are hard to navigate through and uncrossable rivers.
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Geography Basics
Five Themes of Geography
Location
Absolute Location- The exact spot or loaction where a place stands on a grid. This include longitude and latitude.
Longitude and Latitude- A method of finding absoliute location, these form a grid on the map and naming coordinates will find where the lines meet, finding the location.
Relative Location- The locatipon of a place in relation to other landmarks. This could include saying "It's next to the bank." Or referring to the compass rose by saying "It's to the north of the park."
Place- The physical aspects of a location including features, environment, and other geographical aspects.
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Region- A unit of space which is labled by some force. Could be a reason to farm in an area and what it's known for.
Mapping
Map Distortion- The way a map's shape affects the accuracy of its projection.. Some maps show correct country size but incorrect shape/ distance or vice versa.
Mercator Pojection- The basic map used most commonly in America. This map displays size inaccurately, enlarging country size on the upper latitude. It displays shape and distance between angles of countries accurately however.
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GPS Mapping- A map that pinpoints your location using satellite communication to find where youa re on a plot of land displayed.
Climate- The usual condition and temperature of a certain or broad area. This is determined by examining trends among the past years to predict what certain days and months conditions will be like.
Weather- The conditions and temperature of an area for a specific date, the exact results, despite previous days and patterns.
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Climograph- A model similar to a bar graph which shows a locations monthly average precipitation and monthly average temperature. Temperature is represented by a line above the bar graph and climate is shown as a bar graph for each month.
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Economy
Sectors of the Economy
Primary Sector- The section of the conomy where materials pr food are taken directly from the earth and don't require manufacturing. This is farming and fishing mainly.
Secondary Sector- This sector is where they transform raw materials into goods for sale or consumption. This would be food processing.
Tertiary Sector- Where services are provided and don't require manufacturing. This includes the theatre or car wash.
Globalization- the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.