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Geography - is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands,…
Geography - is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.
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Boundaries - the dividing lines between countries, states, provinces, counties, and cities
Types of Boundaries
Physical/Natural - Political boundary that separates territories according to natural features in the landscape
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UNCLOS Treaty - he international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
International Waters - waters where any of the following types of bodies of water transcend international boundaries
Territorial Waters - the area 12 nautical miles of water from the baseline over which a state has complete jurisdiction and sovereignty
Exclusive Economic Zone - the waters 200 nautical miles from the baseline in which the state can control of all economic resources
Contiguous Zone - a band of water up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline in which a state can exert limited control for the purpose of preventing or punishing infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations
Equidistant Principle - a legal concept that a nation's maritime boundaries should conform to a median line that is equidistant from the shores of neighboring nations
Mapping
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GIS - a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data
Map Projections and Distortion - there are many styles of mapping the world onto a flat sheet of paper but all of them are distorted in some way
Economics - the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
Industrialization - the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society
Sectors of the Economy
Primary Sector - the extraction and collection of natural resources; such as farming, forestry, hunting, fishing and mining
Secondary Sector - industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction
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Development
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More Developed - a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations
Human Development Index - the statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators,
Gross Domestic Product - a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced
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Geographic Causes of Inequality - the geography of a certain location can restrict certain factors, therefore causing inequality among the people
Globalization - the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide
Pros - encourages "free trade" between countries which creates jobs, makes companies more competitive, and lowers prices for consumers, provides poorer countries with infrastructure
Cons - makes the rich richer and the poor poorer, jobs are lost and transferred to lower cost countries, multi-national corporations have the power to exploit other counties
Subsistence Economy - a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture
Geography Basics
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Human Geography - the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment
Geopolitics - is the study of the effects of Earth's geography on politics and international relations.
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Sovereignty - the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies
Refugee - displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely
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