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World Geography (Migration (Types of Migration (Interregional / Internal -…
World Geography
Migration
Push Factor - Something that encourages to move away from a specific country or area, ie: a war.
Pull Factor - Something that draws in immigration, ie: a stable economy.
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Asylum - the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
Ethnonationalism - the belief that only people of the same race, culture, belief etc. only, should live in a country together.
Types of Migration
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Chain - When and individual or group settles into a new area and all of their family, friends, and others from the original region move as well
Cyclical - When workers move for temporary periods with work visas, usually send back remittances
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Centripetal Force - a force that brings things together, promotes unity and stability in a country
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Geo Basics
5 Themes of Geography
Location
Absolute Location - Coordinates, address
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Place - Culture, education, politics, etc.
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Human Environmental Interaction - How humans change the environment, vice versa
Movement - Migration, movement of objects
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Oceans and Continents
Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian Oceans
N. America, S. America, Asia, Australia, Africa, Antarctica, Europe
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Climographs
Climographs - Measure monthly precipitation and temperature for a region. Line represents temperature, bars are precipitation. 
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Population Patterns
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Tools and Ratios
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Birth Rate : (Number of Live Births / Total Population) * 1,000
Death Rate : (Number of Deaths / Total Population) * 1,000
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Infant Mortality Rate - (deaths 1 and under / number of live births) * 1,000
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Subsistence Economy - When a town relies on hunting, farming, etc. with no industrialization.
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Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1 - High birth rate because of infant mortality, no contraceptives, equality issues, and a need for workers. High death rate because of no clean water, no medicine, disease. Low population growth.
Stage 2 - High birth rate because of infant mortality, no contraceptives, equality issues, and a need for workers. Medium high death rate because of more medicine becoming available, clean water, stable food. Medium low population growth.
Stage 3 - Medium birth rate because women get educated, contraceptives, no infant mortality, industrialization. Medium low death rate because medicine is available, clean water, stable food source. Population is medium, medium high growth.
Stage 4 - Low birth rate because all women are educated, full equality, no infant mortality. Low death rate because medicine is available everywhere, stable food and water. High population, low growth.
Geopolitics
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Boundaries
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Physical - determined by a natural feature, ie: mountains.
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Median-Line Principle - if a countries water borders overlap the economic and sovereignty are decided by the median line
States
Compact State - the borders form a circular shape, ie: Poland
Prorupted State - A state with a "tail", ie: Thailand
Perforated State - A country that completely surrounds another, ie: South Africa
Elongated State - A long strip of land, ie: Chile
Fragmented State - A country with isolated parts, ie: Indonesia
Enclave State - completely surrounded by another state, ie: Lesotho
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Economy - the system of production, consumption, and distribution of good and services in a particular geographic region
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Primary Sector - Harvesting raw materials, ie: mining, farming, etc.
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Tertiary Sector - Selling the goods, services (most of USA)
Developed Countries - Mostly in the secondary and tertiary sectors, financially stable
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Human Development Index - A combination of life expectancy, years of schooling, and GNI per capita to measure the quality of people and their abilities in a country.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - Consumer spending + gross investment + capital expenditures + (exports - imports)
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Geographic Causes of Inequality - When people can develop faster because they have more access to natural resources and less geographical difficulties, ie: Africa has a disadvantage because it is so large, has the Sahara, and has no deep water ports.
Border Disputes
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Locational - When the border moves, like a river changing course or a lake drying up
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Allocational - when a resource is on both sides of a border, who gets what?
UNCLOS Treaty - also called the law of the sea treaty, defines the rights and responsibilities of nations with respect to their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources.