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memory revision (multi store model of memory (evaluate (limitation- the…
memory revision
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types of memory
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semantic- memories which are concerned with general knowledge: things you have already learnt or know the meaning of
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factors affecting memory
context- the situation in which something happens. Can act as a cue for recalling information, thus enhancing the accuracy of memory.
for example, scuba divers were asked to remember a lis of words above and under water and recall them later. Both lists were recalled better in the environment they were learned in.
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interference- forgetting something when two memories compete with each other, which is especially likely if they are similar. The end result is reduced accuracy of what we remember.
limitation- it is possible that the information is not forgotten, just temporarily inaccessible and could perhaps be remembered with a cued recall test
support- things we already know can cause problems when trying to learn new information. New things we learn can cause problems when trying to remember older information.
for example, if you are learning two languages, you may mix them up.
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Murdock's Study
strengths & limitations
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sample not representative - all students, only 16 of them, can't generalise the results
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lacks ecological validity - lab experiment, not an everyday task
describe
method- 16 psychology students were shown a list of 20 words at the rate of 1 word per second. Then, they were asked to recall as many words from the list as they could remember in 90 seconds. They then repeated the test 80 times over a few days with a different list each time.
conclusion- these results have been used to support the idea that there are separate stores for information, described by the multi-store model of memory.
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results- The first few words were recalled well- called the primacy effect, which occurs because the first words have been rehearsed and then passed into long-term storage. The last few words were recalled very well - called the recency effect, since the words at the end of the list are readily available in short-term storage. The words in the middle of the list were not recalled very well, because they are neither in the long-term store or the short-term store. They decay or are displaced.
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