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World Geography (Geopolitics (UNCLOS Treaty (countries that have territory…
World Geography
Geopolitics
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Sovereignty: authority to make political decisions about the control over people, land, and resources
Types of Border Disputes
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Locational: border moves, such as a river changing course or a lake drying up
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Allocational: resource lies on both sides, so the question is, who gets what?
Ethnonationalism: the belief that a nation is defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, faith, and common ethnic ancestry
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Types of Boundaries
Geometric: straight-line boundaries that don't relate to cultural or physical features of territories involved
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Ocean/Maritime: the UN has led the worlds efforts in creating boundaries of shared waters, set rules though UNCLOS
UNCLOS Treaty
countries that have territory on a coast exercise complete sovereignty up to 12 miles from the shoreline
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Territorial Waters: waters under the jurisdiction of the state especially the part of sea within a shared distance of the shore (12 miles from shore)
Contiguous Zone: a band of water extending from the edge of territorial waters up to 24 miles from the coast
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International Waters: the open seas that generally begin 200 miles off shore and two countries usually "share it"
Median Line Principle: if there isn't enough water for each country on opposite sides of the sea to have 200 miles then 2 or more countries will dive up the waters evenly
Territory Morphology
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Elongated State: a long, thin state
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Exclave State: a part of the national territory separated from the main body of the country to which it belongs
Sectors of Economy
Economy: system of production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services in a particular geographic region
Primary Sector: activities that involve harvesting raw materials (e.g farming, fishing, mining, etc.)
Secondary Sector: raw materials are processed into finished products of greater value (e.g factories)
Tertiary Sector: selling finished products and moving them around, most service jobs (e.g pearl street, service jobs)
Globalization: a process where or other organizations develop international influence on an international scale
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Con's
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many Americans have lost jobs because imports, so they have to find jobs that pay less
millions fear of losing jobs, especially those under competitive pressure
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Geography Basics
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The Tools of Geography
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Absolute Location: the latitude and longitude of a place, or the exact location of a place (Latitude and Longitude)
Relative Location: the location of a place in relation to another location (North, South, East, West)
Latitude: Parallel to the Equator, goes east
Longitude: Run from Pole to Pole, goes north
Map Distortion
Mercator: a map in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other and the latitude lines become wider apart the farther they get from the equator
Eckert IV: a map in which the length of the polar lines are half of the equator, the map is stretched in an ovular shape of the world
Goodes Homolosine: an equal-area projections of the world, distorting ocean areas in order to minimize the distortion of continents
GIS: a geographic information system that takes every single piece of geographical data and presents it on a map
GPS: a radio navigation system that reports exact location, velocity, and 24-hour time to air, land, and sea users anywhere in the world
there is no right map, a circular globe can never be put into a flat map
Ecology
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Climate vs. Weather
Weather: the condition of the atmosphere at the given time and place (precipitation, temperature, cloudiness, and moisture)
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Climographs
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the dotted line represents the temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit, the bar graph represents precipitation