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World Geography (Geopolitics- Politics that are influenced by geographic…
World Geography
Geopolitics- Politics that are influenced by geographic factors
Sovereignty- A nation's control over it's land and people and ability to maintain it
Types Of Border Disputes
Allocational- Conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region
Locational- When the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is
Definitional- Two parties hold differing interpretations of the written description of the border
Operational- When the operation/how the border is run is questioned
UNCLOS treaty- A treaty signed in 1982 about the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
Territorial Waters- The waters within 12 miles of a nation's shore
Contiguous Zone- The waters within 24 miles where nations still have exclusive jurisdiction over
Exclusive Economic Zone- The waters within 200 miles of the coastline where nations have access to all the resources
International Waters- Waters where no nation has claims, where international law applies
Median Line Principle- When there are 2 nations within any of the zones between a body of water, the water is split exactly in half
Types of Borders
Elongated State- A state that stretches far in one direction but is short in the other
Fragmented state- A state divided by a natural border
Perforated state- A state that completely surrounds another nation
Enclave State- A state completely enclosed by another
Prorupted State- A state with compact borders except for one corrupted side
Exclave State- A state with part completely separated by another state
Compact State- A state where the distance from the middle of the country is roughly equal from all sides
Economics- The study of the economy and how the money works and moves around
Sectors of the economy- The different parts of the economy
Secondary- Where the materials are manufactured for the consumer
Tertiary- Where services are offered to the consumer
Primary- Where natural resources are harvested and sent to factories
Globalization- How nations come together to improve the economy and make the world more unified
Pros- There's increased communication between nations, along with increased access to technology, media, education, healthcare, consumer goods, and other resources that are necessary to development of nations
Cons- Makes workers in 1st world countries lose their jobs to cheaper work, kills culture, puts more power in corporations,
Geographic Causes of Inequality
Resources
Lack of farmland
Lack of natural animals with high protien
Lack of ridable animals
Lack of unity
Demography- The study of population and population trends
Demographical Formulas
Infant Mortality Rate- How many kids out of a thousand won't live past 5 years old
Dependency Ratio - The number of working class citizens (18-65) compared to the number of those who aren't working class (0-18, 65-1000)
Population Pyramid- A graph showing the distribution of age within a nation
Demographic Transition Model- 4 different population pyramids showing different distributions of age within a nation with direct ties to development and economics
Migration- The movement of people from place to place
Push Factors- An issue with one's country that may make them want to leave
Pull Factors- Something positive about a country that may make immigrants want to go there
Types of Migration
Internal Migration- Migration within a nation
Step Migration- Moving from a more rural area to a more urbanized one
Immigration- Permanently living in another country
Chain Migration- The mass migration of an ethnic group or a religion to another nation or area
Emigration- Leaving one's own country to go to another
Forced Migration- The movement of refugees displaced by issues effecting their way of life
Refugees- Immigrants forced to leave their countries who are looking to move anywhere but where they were
Asylum- Protection granted by a nation to a refugee giving them the right to live in their nation
Cyclical Migration- Moving to an area or nation for work typically on a farm
Remittances- A transfer of money, often by a foreign worker to an individual in their home country
Geo Basics
5 Themes of Geography- The 5 basic aspects of Geography
Human-environmental interaction- The way that inhabitants of the land alter the environment or use it to their advantage
Place- A particular location or space with a distinct characteristics that are clearly defining of the area
Culture- A pattern of behavior shared by a society, or group of people
Ethnicity- The cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other (I.e language, race, etc)
Location- The Coordinates and basic description of one's position
Relative Location- The description of someone or something's location relative to another landmark, natural feature, etc
Absolute Location- The exact description of someone or something's position
GPS- A way of pinpointing one's location on Earth using sattelites
Types of Maps
Thematic- Tries to show something using geography
Political- Shows borders of nations
Topiographical- Shows land and different features of the area
GIS- is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data
Latitude- A method of measuring how far North or South an object is on the Earth
Longitude- A method of measuring how far East or West an object is on the Earth
Movement- Humans Interacting on and with the Earth
Region- An area of land with common geographical features
5 factors that affect climate
Closeness to Water- How close or how far somewhere is from water
Ocean Currents- A continuous, directed movement of sea water
Elevation- How far above sea level a location is
Prevailing Winds- The occurrence or lack thereof of winds that affect the temperature
Latitude- Location relative to the equator