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world geography (population (equations (dependency ratio: how many people…

- - - - old age dr
      - youth dr
    - - infant mortality rate
    - - net migration rate: how many immigrants come to the nation
      - gravity model: the immigration between two nations
  - - - transnational migration: migration to a different nation
      - step migration: step by step, improvements with each step
      - cyclical migration: temporary migration
      - chain migration: one person comes and the rest follow
      - internal migration: migration inside the nation
    - - push factors: push people away from a place
        
        war
        
        poverty
        
        bad quality of life
        
        famine
        
        dictatorships
      - pull factors: pull people towards a place
        
        freedom of religion
        
        job opportunities
        
        good quality of life
        
        democracy
        
        plentiful resources
    - - asylum: a country can grant asylum for a refugee so they can be safe from their country
      - refugees: someone who is running away from a bad situation in their home nation
- - - - mercator: the most commonly used map. shows direction but not size.
      - eckert IV: shows size but not shape
      - goode's homolosine: shows countries accurately but distorts oceans
    - - absolute location: the most specific instructions. coordinates
      - relative location: by pointing something out. next to the ice cream shop
  - - - closeness to large bodies of water: warm water = warmer climate, cold water = colder climate
      - ornographic effect: warm climate on one side of the mountain due to warm waters and cold climate on the other because of rain shadow.
      - elevation: higher up from sea level = colder climate
      - ocean currents: move warm wind and water around
      - latitude: how far you are away from the equator. farther away = colder climate
- - - - confrontational media
      - failing economy
      - religious differences
      - racial differences
      - ethnic differences
      - politics
    - - equality
      - healthy economy
      - shared enemy
      - well liked leader
      - national pride
      - race
      - religion
      - ideas
  - - - disputes
        
        south china sea
        
        china's man made islands: dumping sand on coral reefs and calling it theirs
        
        military bases
        
        china's ten dash line: where china thinks they should own (they don't)
        
        Blue water navy: renewable energy
        
        green water navy: not renewable energy
        
        allocational: when a resource is on two sides of the border
        
        operational: passage across border is a problem
        
        locational: features of geography move
        
        definitional: border treaties interpreted differently
      - territorial morphology
        
        exclave states: a piece of territory that's separated
        
        enclave stare: opposite of perforated, inside another country
        
        fragmented states: separated by a human or physical barrier
        
        elongated state: long thin state
        
        perforated states: surrounds another country
        
        prorupted state: mostly compact, large projection
        
        compact states: the distance from the middle is closely the same all around
      - ocean boundaries
        
        UNCLOS treaty
        
        exclusive economic zone: miles 0-200 have economic benefits
        
        contiguous zone: miles 0-24 have limited control
        
        soveriegnty range: miles 0-20 have complete soveriegnty
        
        outside 200 is owned by all countries
        
        median line: if the nations are too close to each other, they split the waters
      - physical or natural political boundaries
      - geometric political boundaries