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7.2 (The Tokugawa Era (Literature and Arts (Matsuo Basho was the greatest…

- - - - The state was divided into about 250 separate territories called Hans. Each was ruled by a daimyo.
        
        The shogunate controlled the daimyo by a hostage system.
        
        The daimyo was required to maintain two residences.
        
        During the “Great Peace” brought by the Tokugawa rule, the samurai who had served the daimyo gradually ceased to be a warrior class.
  - - - Banking flourished, and paper money became the normal medium of exchange in business transactions.
        
        Social changes influenced by Confucian doctrines also marked the Tokugawa era.
  - - - Women were forbade to go on stage. Men actors portrayed female characters on stage.
        
        Japanese art was enriched by ideas and other cultures. The Japanese studies western medicine, astronomy, languages, and painting styles. In turn, Europeans wanted Japanese ceramics, which were as prized as highly as the ceramics of the Chinese.
- - - - Tokugawa Ieyasu took the title of shogun in 1603, the Tokugawa rulers completed the restoration of central authority that began with the Nobunaga and Hideyoshi.
        
        Portuguese traders landed on the islands in 1543.
        
        The first Jesuit missionary, Francis Xavier arrived in 1549.
        
        After the Jesuit’s destroyed local shrines, Hideyoshi issued an edict in 1587 prohibiting Christian activities within his lands.
        
        By the end of the 16th century, thousands of Japanese became Christians.
- - - - Hostage system: a system used by the shogunate to control the daimyo in Tokugawa Japan; the family of a daimyo lord was forced to stay at their residence in the capital whenever the lord was absent from it.
        
        Eta: Japan’s outcast class, whose way of life was strictly regulated by the Tokugawa.