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Treaty of Union - Issue 4 - Effects of Union (Economic (Taxes (Taxes were…
Treaty of Union - Issue 4 - Effects of Union
Economic
Failing Industry
Industries like the paper and linen industries failed as they could not keep up with better quality and cheaper English products
Equivalent
Scots were annoyed since they didn't negotiate it properly so it took the English 20 years for it to paid.
Taxes
Taxes were massively increased in Scotland and in some cases were paying 5 times the amount than they were before union.
Tax on items such as salt were hated as it was such a commonly used item.
The malt tax was also hated as it was a year earlier than it should have been, breaking the treaty.
Smuggling increased as people wanted to avoid taxes.
Customs and Excise became a hated institution.
Royal Bank of Scotland
This was founded in 1727 as a result of Union as was the Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Fisheries and Manufacturers.
Agriculture Techniques
These improved due to investment and new techniques learnt from the English.
Successful Industries
Industry such as tobacco boomed in areas like Glasgow.
Political
Privy Council
In 1708 the Scottish Privy Council which annoyed many Scottish nobles who saw the council as a pathway to wealth and promotion.
Office of Secretary of State for Scotland
This was created after the Privy Council was abolished but in 1725 and replaced with the office of Home Secretary. Scots complained at this as they thought that they lacked representation.
Whig Election
Jacobites were fearful.
Despite this defeat for Scotland although the feeling of Scots was enough to put the government off re-introducing the Malt Tax.
House of Lords
In 1711 Parliament banned Scottish peers with English title granted since 1707 from the House of Lords.
Repeal of Act of Union
In 1713 a motion was proposed by Earl of Findlater to repeal Act of Union defeated by only four voters in the House of Lords which annoyed many Scots.
Jacobites
Disarming Acts
The Disarming Acts of 1716 aimed to stop Jacobites from getting their hands on weapons.
Highland Forts
General George Waste built 250 miles of road and renovated both Fort William and Fort George as well as building Fort Augustus. This was supposed to keep the Jacobite threat quiet.
Increased Support
Many people supported the Jacobites due to them being anti-Union. 30,000 men supported the Jacobites in the 1715 Rising compared to only 5000 men in the 1689 Rising.
1715 Rising
This was the biggest rising of this period but failed at their aims of getting rid of Union and reinstating the line of Stuart as their monarch.
Social
Unpopularity
The Union was very unpopular with many Scots. This was shown is the 1725 Shawfield Riots which was in response to the Malt Tax, as well as the Porteous Riots of 1736 in Edinburgh.
Highlands
The Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge was set up in 1709 with the aim of promoting Presbyterianism and English-speaking education in the Highlands and Islands.
Episcopalianism and Catholicism (both prominent in the Highlands) where banned as well as the widely spoken Gaelic language. This massively changed the way people lived their lives in the Highlands.
Religious
Succession
Presbyterian clans in the Highlands supported Hanoverian succession whereas Episcopalian and Catholic clans supported the return of the Stuart dynasty. This created a lot of tension between these clans.
Toleration Act
The Toleration Act of 1712 granted Episcopalians the right to worship in public which annoyed many Presbyterian as they wanted to be the dominant religion in Scotland.
Patronage Act
This gave landowners the right to appoint local ministers, allowing Episcopalian landowners to appoint Presbyterian ministers and preventing local Presbyterians from choosing their own minister.