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Chapter 16-17 (Structure of DNA (Made up of two sugar phosphate backbones…
Chapter 16-17
Structure of DNA
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Base Pairing: Guanine to Cytosine, Adenine to Thymine
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DNA REPLICATION
Similarities:
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Translation
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occurs when ribosome sub-units, initiation factors and t-RNA bind the mRNA near the AUG start codon
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Transcription
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Products are mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and non-coding RNA
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occurs when RNA polymerase protein binds to the promoter in DNA and forms a transcription initiation complex.
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Steps of DNA Replication
Prokaryotes
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single-strand binding proteins coat the DNA around the replication for to prevent rewinding of the DNA
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Eukaryotes
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At the origin of replication, a pre-replication complex is made with other initiator proteins.
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DNA mutations
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Insertions and Deletions
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frameshift mutation: occurs whenever the number if nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three
Structure of tRNA
80 nucleotides long, containing an anticodon on the other end; the anticodon base-pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA
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